Porous poly (D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) acid/biosilicate^® composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of the Biosilicate and poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid composites on bone repair in a tibial bone defect model in rats by means of using histological evaluation (histopathological and morphometric analysis) and gene expression analysis. Eighty male Wistar rats (12 weeks old, weighing ±300 g) were randomly divided into two groups: Biosilicate group (BG) and Biosilicate /PLGA group (BG/PLGA). Each group was euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery (n = 10 animals per time point). The main findings showed that the incorporation of PLGA into BG had a significant effect on the morphological structure of the material, accelerating mass loss, decreasing the pH and increasing the calcium release. Furthermore, histologic analysis revealed that the BG/PLGA showed increased material degradation, accompanied by higher bone formation compared to BG, after 21 days of implantation. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that BG/PLGA induced an upregulation of the osteogenic genes related to BMP4, Runx2, ALP, and OC. These results show that the present BG/PLGA composite may be used as a bone graft for inducing bone repair. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 63-71, 2017.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated with Heterologous Fibrin Biopolymer and Bovine Bone Matrix Helps to Reconstruct Long Bones

“…The choice of long bones such as the tibia for bone repair is related to its ease of manipulation and access and its similarity to the clinical application in humans, regarding remodeling, repair in the physiology of muscle strength and tension. When dealing with critical defects, larger animals should be used, such as sheep and pigs [31,33,34,36,42]. In addition, biomaterials are used in orthopedic medical surgeries performed to correct bone defects of dimensions that do not spontaneously repair, as well as in patients with osteoporosis or cancer [42,43].…”

“…Following the same methodology used in this study, including similar analyzes, Song et al [49] evaluated a hydrogel based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) randomly separating the rats into three groups: CMC/BioC (biphasic calcium phosphate), CMC/BioC/BMP-2 0.1 mg (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and CMC/BioC/BMP-2 0.5 mg, concluding that the hybrid material CMC/BioC/BMP-2 induced greater bone formation than the other tested materials. Likewise, focused only on the tested biomaterials, Kido et al [36] randomly separated the rats into two groups: Biosilicate group (BG) and poly PLGA Biosilicate group (BG/PLGA), reaching concluding that BG/PLGA showed a faster degradation of the material, accompanied by greater bone formation when compared with BG, after 21 days of implantation.…”

“…15 scalpel blade, a 20 mm long linear incision was made in the craniocaudal direction, sectioning the skin and muscle fasciae, reaching the periosteum and extending it for tibial exposure. With an AR 6 steel carbide drill (Beavers Dental ® , Morrisburg, ON, Canada, K0C 1 × 0/Ormex SA) coupled to a 1500 rpm low-speed micromotor, a 2 mm diameter cavity was prepared [31][32][33][34][35] in a depth reaching the bone marrow without damaging the contralateral cortical [18,[36][37][38][39], with abundant irrigation of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.…”

Ultrastructural characteristics of ovine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured with a silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate bioceramic

“…Engineered bone substitutes are attractive because they are biocompatible, have osteogenic properties and good biological performance without the aforementioned limitations (Välimäaki, Yrjans, Vuorio, & Aro, ). Different kinds of synthetic materials, with many different characteristics have been studied including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials (Cheng Shi, Ye, & Bu, ; Daei‐farshbaf et al, ; Johansson et al, ; Kido et al, ; Wan, He, & Li ; Zwingenberger et al, ). For tissue engineering, scaffolds and stem cells are the two essential components (Arvidson et al, ; Le Nihouannen et al, ).…”

“…Different kinds of synthetic materials, with many different characteristics have been studied including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials (Cheng Shi, Ye, & Bu, 2013;Daei-farshbaf et al, 2014;Johansson et al, 2016;Kido et al, 2015;Wan, He, & Li 2006;Zwingenberger et al, 2012). For tissue engineering, scaffolds and stem cells are the two essential components (Arvidson et al, 2011;Le Nihouannen et al, 2007).…”