Development and evaluation of reparative tricalcium silicate‐ZrO₂‐Biosilicate composites

Abstract

Biosilicate is a bioactive glass–ceramic used in medical and dental applications. This study evaluated novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (TCS), 30% zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and 10 or 20% biosilicate, in comparison with Biodentine. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard, radiopacity by radiographic analysis, solubility by mass loss, and pH by using a pH meter. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and NR assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red were used to evaluate cell bioactivity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed on Enterococcus faecalis by the direct contact test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey; Bonferroni and Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). The association of Biosilicate with TCS + ZrO2 had appropriate setting time, radiopacity, and solubility, alkaline pH, and antimicrobial activity. TCS and Biodentine showed higher ALP activity in 14 days than the control (serum‐free medium). All cements produced mineralized nodules. In conclusion, Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 decreased the setting time and increased the radiopacity in comparison to TCS. Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 presented lower solubility and higher radiopacity than Biodentine. In addition, these experimental cements promoted antimicrobial activity and mineralization nodules formation, suggesting their potential for clinical use.

Bioactive potential of Bio-C Temp demonstrated by systemic mineralization markers and immunoexpression of bone proteins in the rat connective tissue

“…Furthermore, the bioceramic materials modulate the response of host cells favoring the bone repair, since favors the osteoblasts survival and differentiation, cells actively involved in the periapical repair [ 12 ] enabling the formation of mineralized tissue [ 13 ]. Bioceramic endodontic materials are biocompatible [ 14 , 15 ], non-cytotoxic [ 16 ] and have satisfactory physico-chemical properties [ 16 – 18 ]. There is currently a growing interest in the development of new materials based on bioactive calcium silicate [ 19 ].…”