Porous monoliths of 3D graphene for electric double‐layer supercapacitors

Abstract

For delivering the nanoscaled extraordinary characteristics in macroscopical bulk, it is essential to integrate two-dimensional nanosheets into threedimensional (3D) porous monoliths, alternatively called as 3D architectures, 3D networks, or aerogels. The intersupported structure of porous monolithic 3D graphene (3DG) can prevent aggregation or restacking of graphene individuals, and the interconnected sp 2 network of 3DG not only can provide the highway for the transport of electron/phonon but also can present continual cavities/channels for mass transfer. This review summarizes the synthesis methodology of 3DG porous monoliths and highlights the application for electric double-layer capacitors. Present challenges and future prospects about the manufacture and application of 3DG are also discussed.

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

“…Meanwhile, the conductivity, electrochemical performance [24,27,35,36], biocompatibility [37,38], and hydrophobicity [39][40][41] of LIG also have been systematically studied. A variety of LIG devices have been developed, including sensors [14][15][16][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], supercapacitors [17,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], nanogenerators [54][55][56][57][58]…”

“…Meanwhile, the conductivity, electrochemical performance [ 24 , 27 , 35 , 36 ], biocompatibility [ 37 , 38 ], and hydrophobicity [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] of LIG also have been systematically studied. A variety of LIG devices have been developed, including sensors [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], supercapacitors [ 17 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], nanogenerators [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , …”

Constructing Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors from 3D Nanosheets Active Bricks via 3D Manufacturing Technology: A Perspective Review

“…[21,22] The 3D monolithic structures can prevent the surface-to-surface stacking of 2D nanosheet structures, whose interconnection network can not only provide channels for electron transmission, but also provide continuous cavities or channels for electrolyte ion diffusion. [23][24][25] Although the unique 3D macroporous monolithic structures (hundreds of micron pores) is an attractive electrode material in flexible supercapacitors, their bulk density and energy density need to be improved because volume performance is a key indicator of many compact devices, such as micro or wearable devices. [26,27] Therefore, it is the most important task to reduce the hole size of the 3D nanosheet network into submicron scale or even nanoscale by controllable synthetic strategy, in order to improve the overall energy density of flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors.…”

“…[ 21,22 ] The 3D monolithic structures can prevent the surface‐to‐surface stacking of 2D nanosheet structures, whose interconnection network can not only provide channels for electron transmission, but also provide continuous cavities or channels for electrolyte ion diffusion. [ 23–25 ]…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel for High Energy Density Symmetric Supercapacitor with High Operation Potential in Aqueous Electrolyte

“…[2a,3] To avoid the restacking of the graphene sheets, various strategies for assembling interconnected 3D structures of graphene have been reported so far. [4] For instance, graphene lamellae will be partially stacked in space through the self-assembly of graphene oxide, forming a 3D interconnected network structure. [5] This 3D network can not only prevent the serious accumulation of graphene lamellae, but also make electrolyte ions freely diffuse in the graphene channels.…”