Porous carbon derived from aluminum-based metal organic framework as a fiber coating for the solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil

Abstract

A nanoporous carbon derived from an aluminumbased metal-organic framework was deposited on stainless steel wires in a sol-gel matrix. The resulting fibers were applied to the solid-phase microextraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene from water and soil samples. The fiber was then directly inserted into the GC injector and the PAHs were quantified by GC-MS. The effects of salt addition, extraction temperature, extraction time, sample volume and desorption conditions on the extraction efficiency were optimized. A linear response to the analytes was observed in the 0.1 to 12 μg L −1 range for water samples, and in the 0.6 to 30 μg kg −1 for soil samples, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9934 to 0.9985. The limits of detection ranged from 5.0 to 20 ng L −1 for water samples, and from 30 to 90 ng kg −1 for soil samples. The recoveries of spiked samples were between 72.4 and 108.0 %, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, is <12.8 %.

Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples

“…Graphene [113,114], graphene oxide [115][116][117], MWCNTs [118,119] and other carbon based materials [120] have also been successfully employed as SPME sorbent coatings, either neat or combined with other materials in order to generate more efficient composites. These materials exhibit high chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, as well as great affinity towards PAHs.…”

Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans

“…Their application as SPME coating for soil analysis has been extensively investigated in recent years, both as regards the use of new structural variants and their synthesis. After their preparation, these SPME fibers were successfully used in the analysis of trace levels of fungicides [93], PAHs [19,[94][95][96], PCBs [97,98], polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) [99].…”

“…MOF coatings were also prepared by using 2-aminoterephthalic acid and Al salts and termed MIL-53 (Al). These MOFs were employed for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides [123] and PAHs [95]. Experimental results showed that the NH 2 -MIL-53(Al) SPME coating was solvent resistant and thermostable, and its efficiency for organochlorine pesticides was higher than that of commercially available SPME fiber coatings such as polydimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene, and polyacrylate.…”

Recent advances in metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for sample preparation and chromatographic analysis

“…The complex material was modified into SPME fibers to capture PAHs from environmental water samples. PAHs are highly carcinogenic and can damage the reproductive system, and this MOF‐based SPME method has been widely utilized for capturing these concerning compounds . The MON shells were hydrophobic, which enabled them to stably capture PAHs from water matrixes.…”