Porifera

FROST, THOMAS M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-544791-1.50006-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For the sponges attached to hanging roots particularly those of the genus Trochospongilla, dispersion may be mainly occurring through the displacement of their gemmules which are weakly retained in the fragile skeletons. The ported by Jewell (1935);Frost (1991) and also detected by the senior author when sampling for freshwater sponges, is confirmed here, which is the preference of most species for shaded habitats. An identical situation has been experimentally proved by Maldonado and Uriz (1998), in the selection of habitats by larvae of marine sponges.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Some enlightening in this respect may arise from data showing that marine sponges that also produce such larvae (Maldonado and Uriz, 1998) exhibited a preference for the settling in the shaded portions of micro-refuges. This photoreceptive ability, already reported by Frost andWilliamson (1980) andFrost (1991), is supported in findings that indicate the presence in sponges of proteins involved in the process of photoreception and vision in other animal groups (Krasco et al, 1997). It is therefore not unreasonable to suggest that the shaded environment of the flooded igapó summed to the brown color of the River Negro waters, provides an important condition in favor of the occupation of an array of particular substrates by the nine detected species of sponges.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Composition, distribution and substrates of the sponge fauna (Porifera: Demospongiae) at the National Park of Anavilhanas

Ribeiro

Júnior

Guadagnin

et al. 2012

Neotropical Biology and Conservation

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Freshwater sponges, being sessile animals, heavily depend upon a substrate on which their larvae or their gemmules will settle. It is expected different sponge species to exhibit preferences or adaptations to specific substrates and habitats. Studies targeted to evaluate the role substrates play in the distribution of freshwater sponge communities are rare. Here we evaluate the effect of different substrates and habitats in the distribution of freshwater sponge communities in the igapós of Anavilhanas, the world largest freshwater archipelago. Two surveys aiming to uncover the sponge fauna and corresponding substrates were performed in the Anavilhanas National Park at the low water period, when seasonally flooded surfaces are exposed. Two transects were carried out by boat along the margins of the River Negro and its canals among the islands or inside parts of the yet inundated forest. Also several higher parts of the islands at the time free of the flooding waters were crossed by foot. The sponge crusts were first visually searched for and next sampled, having its GPS taken and its environments and substrates shortly described. The association between the presence of nine sponge species, seven different environments and seven types of substrates detected were used in a Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The first two axes of RDA accounted for 45.9% of variation in the species data. The overall RDA was significant (P = 0.005; Number of permutations = 199). Substrates, especially trunks, branches, leaves and sand, were more important than environments to explain the variability in the distribution of sponge species.Key words: Continental sponges, substrates, shaded habitats, flooding pulses, Brazilian Amazonia. ResumoSendo animais sésseis, as esponjas de água doce dependem de um substrato sobre o qual suas larvas ou suas gêmulas se fixarão. Espera-se que espécies diferentes mostrem preferências ou adaptações a substratos e habitats específicos. Estudos para avaliar o papel dos substratos na distribuição de comunidades dessas esponjas são raros. Aqui avaliamos o efeito de diferentes substratos e habitats na distribuição de comunidades dessas esponjas, nos igapós de Anavilhanas, o maior arquipélago de águas doces do mundo. Dois levantamentos destinados a detectar a fauna espongológica e os correspondentes substratos foram feitos no Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas, no período de águas baixas, quando as superfícies estacionalmente inundadas estão expostas. Dois transectos foram percorridos de barco, ao longo das margens do rio Negro e seus canais entre as ilhas ou dentro das porções de florestas ainda inundadas. Porções mais elevadas no interior das ilhas, nessas ocasiões, livres da inundação, foram percorridas a pé. As

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Composition, distribution and substrates of the sponge fauna (Porifera: Demospongiae) at the National Park of Anavilhanas

Ribeiro

Júnior

Guadagnin

et al. 2012

Neotropical Biology and Conservation

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“…The maximum increase in temperature during a single experiment was 4.4ЊC. Assuming a Q 10 of 2 (Frost 1987;Riisgård et al 1993), the actual rate would only decrease by 23% ([SN observed/ln2(1/10)(t 1 Ϫ t 2 )] ϭ SN actual; where N is the concentration of cells and S is the rate constant as discussed above). The average change in temperature during single experiments is 2.9 Ϯ 1.2 (Table 1); thus, on average we can consider the effects of temperature-if there are any at allto be confined to within Ͻ10%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sponges and ascidians control removal of particulate organic nitrogen from coral reef water

et al. 2005

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We studied removal rates of plankton and total particulate organic nitrogen (PON) by benthic reef communities from the overlying water in a large experimental flume. The flume was filled with mixtures of coral and coral rubble, and biomass of plankton was measured as water was recirculated over the experimental benthic community. All planktonic particle types, picoplankton, nanoplankton, microplankton, and total PON, decreased in concentration at rates proportional to their biomass. The mean first-order rate constant for the decrease in particle concentration was 96 Ϯ 61 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 m s Ϫ1 , corresponding to PON uptake of 10 mmol N m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1 . Synechococcus sp. and heterotrophic bacteria were the major sources of PON. Particulate organic nitrogen removed by rubble and live coral assemblages was directly related to sponge and ascidian biomass (number and area) on the coral and coral rubble. Uptake of PON was about the same as the previously measured uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen into these coral reef communities, making it an important flux of nitrogen into the reef.

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“…Temporarily flooded areas (two months a year) along the banks of the Colorado river (Sonora County, Mexico) with dry climate, hot and arid, and vegetation consisting of mesquit, cactus and screw-bean (Strombocarpa pubescens, Fabaceae). The sponges encrusted the branches of S. pubescens, reached by the flooding waters, taking the form of wasp nests in the dry season, or sponges forming large spreading green colonies in a sink-hole in Florida (ESHLEMAN, 1950 FROST (1991) and MANCONI & PRONZATO (2002), with no evidence so far offered from sampled specimens.…”

Section: Dosilia Plumosa (Carter 1849) (Figs 1-14)mentioning

confidence: 99%