Porcine parvovirus- and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred Indian pigs

Abstract

The objective of this study was to detect the presence of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in a farm showing reproductive failure and increased mortality in neonatal piglets by histopathological examination, polymerase chain reaction, and demonstration of viral antigen and nucleic acid. Out of 594 piglets farrowed by 70 first-parity gilts, nine (1.51%) mummified fetuses, 13 (2.19%) stillborn, and 572 (96.3%) live-born piglets were recorded. The average litter size at birth was 8.48 piglets per litter. One hundred ninety-four (33.91%) piglets died within 7 days of age. PPV was detected in five litters (7.14%) and two of them revealed coinfection with PCV2. The pathological lesions in the coinfected litters were more severe, indicating a synergistic action between the two viruses. Results of this study suggest for the first time occurrence of PPV and coinfection with PCV2 in crossbred Indian pigs affected with reproductive problem and neonatal mortality.

Development of Sybr Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Canine, Feline and Porcine Parvoviruses

“…3 In the present study, PPV infection was demonstrated by 30 and 7.7% 31 of piglets were found to be positive for PPV. The di®erences in the results of these studies may be related to the use of di®erent specimens and diagnostic methods.…”

PMWS-like Lesions in Preweaned Crossbred Piglets Naturally Infected with Porcine Circovirus 2 in India

“…Further, the increased susceptibility of Landrace breed to development of PMWS (Lopez-Soria et al, 2005) may also have contributed to PMWS-like lesions in the piglets since this herd consisted of Landrace crosses. Previous investigations in this particular herd had shown reproductive failure due to PCV2 infection (Sharma and Saikumar, 2010), thus development of PMWS-like lesions in preweaned piglets might have occurred possibly due to inutero infection which is known to occur in naturally infected gilts and sows (Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen et al, 2001;West et al, 1999). Also, the possibility of PCV2 alone leading to PMWSlike lesions in these piglets cannot be ruled out, which finds support from earlier studies reporting PCVAD due to PCV2 alone Grau-Roma et al, 2008;Opriessnig et al, 2006).…”

Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India

“…The herd history was indicative of PCVADs, with increased piglet mortality and reproductive failure. Interestingly, gilts are recorded to be more prone to PCV2‐induced reproductive failure, as observed in the current episode (Farnham et al., ; Pensaert et al., ; Sharma and Saikumar, ; Pejsak et al., ).…”

“…Among the clades, PCV2b genotypes are known to be associated with increased pathogenicity (Segalés et al., , ). At present, statistics about the prevalence of PCV2 in India is scarce (Sharma and Saikumar, ), and vaccination against PCV2 is not practiced. In the reported episode susceptible gilts and pregnant sows that were not affected were provided enhanced biosecurity and segregated, which mitigated the occurrence of stillbirths.…”