Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India

Karuppannan, Anbu K.; Parthiban, S.; Reddy, Y. Krishnamohan; Ramesh, S.; Mahaprabhu, R.; Jaisree, S.; Roy, Parimal; Sridhar, R.; Pazhanivel, N.; Sakthivelan, S.M.; Sreekumar, C.; Murugan, M.; Jaishankar, S.; Gopi, H.; Purushothaman, V.; Kumanan, K.; Babu, Manas

doi:10.1111/tbed.12276

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…No vaccination against PCV2 was done in study areas reported in the present manuscript. It has been reported that PCV2 infections are associated with stillbirths and reproductive failure (Karuppannan et al., ). Due to unrestricted movement of animals and their products, transboundary diseases of pigs such as PRRSV and PCV are spreading to the NER of India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Barman

Nath

Kumar

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection has emerged as an alarming threat to the pig population of India, especially in the Northeastern region (NER) over the last 10 years. The present study is a comprehensive report of the seroepidemiology of PCV2 and its incidences in the pig population from organized and unorganized farms of the entire NER of India from 2011 to 2017. A total of 5697 serum samples were screened by ELISA and the mean positivity of PCV2 antibodies in suspected sera was 31.27%. A total of 22 confirmed cases of PCV2 infection were recorded during the years 2014-2017. Seroprevalence of PCV2 infection in sows causing reproductive disorders in NER suggested its higher incidence in organized farms (65.7%) as compared to unorganized farms (17.6%). A detailed pathological and histopathological examination of the tissue samples collected from the affected animals indicated the presence of PCV2. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of four PCV2 isolates depicted the circulation of PCV2d genotype in the states of Meghalaya and Assam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Barman

Nath

Kumar

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The fetal pathogen PCV2 was first reported by Karuppannan et al (2016), who found that PCV2 transplacental infection resulted in viral infection of embryos or fetuses in sows. Sarli et al (2012) found that reproductive failure could be experimentally induced in sows via artificial insemination with PCV2b-spiked semen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, the PMWS and other porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) have caused severe economic losses to the global swine industry. One such disease, porcine-circovirus-associated reproductive failure, has been diagnosed on numerous PCV2-contaminated swine farms (de Castro et al 2012, Karuppannan et al 2016. Stillbirths, mummification, embryonic death, dysgenesis, declines in spermatozoa quality and decreases in litter size were common findings in the field of PCV2-associated reproCorrespondence to: Z.B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deng, e-mail: zbangd@hunau.edu.cn 1 The first and second authors contributed equally to this work ductive failure (Madson and Opriessnig 2011). PCV2 has been shown to be a fetal pathogen by clinical and experimental studies (Yoon et al 2004, Karuppannan et al 2016. However, the mechanism by which PCV2 harms or may harm the germocytes in its host is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germocyte lesions caused by porcine circovirus type 2b in Kunming mice

Yuan¹,

Pang²,

Gong³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been known as a causative agent of reproductive failure in the sow. In the present study mouse model was used to investigate PCV2 infection. In order to investigate whether PCV2 can induce lesions of spermatocytes and oocytes, 6 male and 6 female mice were each inoculated intraperitoneally with PCV2b, and 3 male and 3 female mice mock-infected with cell culture supernatant served as controls. Samples of testes and ovaries from PCV2b-inoculated and mock-infected mice were investigated using PCR, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunofluorescent histochemical methods at 14 and 21 day post infection (dpi). The study revealed that in the virus-inoculated mice leydig cells in testes and granulosa cells in ovaries were degenerated, and a small number of spermatocytes and oocytes showed apoptosis. Positive PCV2b antigen signals were also observed in these apoptotic cells. It can be suggested that PCV2 can cause lesions of spermatocyte and oocyte prior to zygotes formation in its host.

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“…Among them PCV2a and PCV2b are the most prevalent genotypes in the pig raising farms worldwide [8,9]. In the past less than one decade, more genetic variations and recombination associated with PCV2 have been reported worldwide [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It is important that a 1766 nt PCV2 strain (YJ) with ORF2 of 708 nt has been first isolated from the clinically infected pig with PCVAD in china.…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A commercial PCV2a-based vaccine is effective in protection from experimental challenge of PCV2 mutant with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein

Guo

Huang

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Current commercial PCV2 vaccines are almost based on PCV2a and have been shown to be effective in reducing PCV2a and PCV2b viremia and PCV2-associated lesions and diseases. The recent emergence of novel mutant PCV2 (mPCV2) strains and linkage of mPCV2 with cases of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in pig herds have raised concerns over emergence of vaccine-escape mutants and reduced efficacy of PCV2a-based vaccines. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a commercial PCV2a-based vaccine developed by our laboratory to protect conventional pigs against experimental challenge with mPCV2 at 9 weeks of age. Twenty 4-week-old pigs free of PCV2 infection were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 pigs each. Two groups were unvaccinated as positive and negative controls. Another two groups were vaccinated with the commercial PCV2a-based vaccine (PCV2-LG strain, China) at 4 weeks of age and identical booster immunization was conducted 3 weeks post primary immunization. At 9 weeks of age, all pigs except the negative control were challenged with a mutant PCV2b/YJ (mPCV2b/YJ) with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein. The experiment was terminated 28 days after challenge. Under the conditions of this study, vaccinated pigs were protected against PCV2 viremia and lesions whereas unvaccinated pigs were not. Moreover, mPCV2b/YJ infection was demonstrated in positive control and almost all had macroscopic or microscopic lesions consistent with PCVAD while negative control did not develop PCVAD. This study indicates that mPCV2b/YJ infection alone can trigger PCVAD development and that the commercial vaccine (PCV2-LG) is still effective in protecting conventional pigs against the emerging mPCV2b/YJ strain in China.

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Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Germocyte lesions caused by porcine circovirus type 2b in Kunming mice

A commercial PCV2a-based vaccine is effective in protection from experimental challenge of PCV2 mutant with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein

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