Population Inquiry Regarding Mammography in Postmenopausal Women in Southern Brazil

Breast cancer screening program for risk groups: facts and perspectives

“…With regard to the presence of breast cancer risk for PHC users in São Paulo, as for other Brazilian women, no association was confirmed with the performance of MMG, nor of CBE (18,23) . On the other hand, the most frequent reason for requesting mammography exams was having a family history of this disease, indicating that this factor led to the active listening of PHC professionals and can be further enhanced with their training (36) .…”

“…In Latin America, even with the recognition of genetic susceptibility as a causal determinant of breast cancer, a review of 47 articles showed that less than half of the studies addressed Age recommendation to women at high risk and at standard risk to perform CBE was made to 37.1% (23) and 34.3% (296) of them, respectively (p = 0.662). For MMG, 30.6% (19) and 37.1% (320) were instructed about the age at which they should start this exam (p = 0.273).…”

“…In Brazil, seven publications published after 2010, two of them in the Southeast, one in the Midwest and four in the Northeast, approached 247 to 3,608 women (mean = 842), between 18 and 88 years of age, predominantly in local researches in PHC services, identifying a 13.2% to 22.1% history of breast cancer affecting mother (2.3%) or daughter (0.2%) or sister (1.3% to 3.9%) (19,(21)(22)(23)(24) . In this study, the percentage of family history of cancer was 20.7%, affecting 1.9% of sister relatives and 0.2% of daughters, close to what was identified (18)(19)21,23) . According to the literature, accurately obtaining a family history of cancer is an arduous task in nations with high awareness and availability of resources to professionals and the population (10,12,14,33) .…”

“…Thus, modeling, protocols, tools and feasibility assessments emerged for the implementation of personalized breast cancer prevention and early detection by risk stratification, involving users and other health system actors (5,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . However, in Brazil and other Latin American countries, the identification and screening of women according to genetic susceptibility still lacks a better understanding, with little evaluation of family history of cancer in the last decade (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) . Furthermore, prior to the pandemic of COVID-19, 3.2 million new cases of breast cancer per year were estimated for 2050 (1) .…”

Years of Potential Life Lost Due to Breast and Cervical Cancer: a Challenge for Brazilian Public Policy

“…Population survey in Southern Brazil showed that not performing mammography is associated with reported fair and poor state of health and the absence of comorbidities (Romeiro-Lopes et al, 2013). Study evaluating the risk factors associated with not performing the Pap smear showed that the age group 45 to 69 years, gainful occupation, without consulting the gynecologist last year and without conducting mammogram in the past two years, were associated with not performing the examination (Brischiliari et al, 2012).…”