Polyvalent Biotinylated Aptamer Scaffold for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Tau Proteins

Abstract

Biomimetic construction of artificial scaffolds has attracted increasing attention. However, the construction methods usually require redundant materials and procedures, which is inconvenient for further application. Herein, inspired by the polyvalent multifunctional structure in nature, we have designed a polyvalent biotinylated aptamer scaffold (PBAS) which can conduct analytical performance with high sensitivity and simplified procedures. To construct a PBAS, the aptamers are designed to hybridize with prepared linker probes to form polyvalent biotinylated scaffolds, which contain both multiple aptamers and signal labels. Therefore, multifunctional scaffolds can be constructed with high recognition and capture efficiency as well as significant signal amplification. Furthermore, the scaffold can be used for the assay of some disease marker proteins. By taking tau proteins as an example, the proposed aptasensor can exhibit excellent performance with a low detection limit of 153 pg mL–1 and a short assay time of 50 min, which is much better than most of the previous methods. By assays of tau proteins in both serum and artificial cerebro spinal fluid, the PBAS-based aptasensor can work well. Therefore, the scaffold may be expected to be a powerful analytical tool which may have wide applications in the detection of a variety of analytes.

Heteromultivalent scaffolds fabricated by biomimetic co-assembly of DNA–RNA building blocks for the multi-analysis of miRNAs

“…To verify the formation of the dendritic structure, the products of the hybridization reactions were analyzed by 8% polyacrylamide gel preparation as reported. 6 In these reactions, H buffer (50 nM MgCl 2 , 10 nM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0) served as the hybridization buffer. The two miRNAs were mixed with two branched linkers to form dendritic structures.…”

“…2,4 Interestingly, the integration of different functional modules including recognition and transduction elements has been reported, which can significantly improve the efficiency in biosensing. 6…”

“…Multivalent scaffolds are ubiquitous in nature and inspire the construction of artificial multivalent structures because they can improve the binding affinity and enzyme activity by integration of multiple ligands. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] According to the species of monomers, they can be divided into two categories, homomultivalent and heteromultivalent architectures. Compared with the homomultivalent counterparts, heteromultivalent architecture incorporating multiple and heterogenous monomers has gained substantial attention in biochemistry because it provides more than one kind of interaction between ligands, which leads to high flexibility and makes the fabrication process of multifunctional materials convenient.…”

Electrochemical immunosensor based on superwettable microdroplet array for detecting multiple Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers

“…( Nakamura et al, 2018 ; Brazaca et al, 2020 ). Thus far, many analytical methods have been developed to measure AD biomarkers in the blood, and these include electrochemistry ( Liu et al, 2015 ; Liu et al 2022a ; Liu et al 2022b ; Zhang et al, 2022 ), fluorescence ( Li et al, 2018 ; Zhang and Tan 2022 ), colorimetry ( Duan et al, 2020 ), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) ( Ma et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2022 ), and field-effect transistors ( Sun Sang et al, 2021 ). Among these methods, electrochemical biosensors have great potential for disease diagnosis due to their easy miniaturization, high sensitivity, and low cost.…”

Portable Vertical Graphene@Au-Based Electrochemical Aptasensing Platform for Point-of-Care Testing of Tau Protein in the Blood

“…So far, many detection methods have been developed for the detection of the tau protein, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [ 7 , 8 ], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [ 9 ], field-effect transistors [ 10 , 11 ], colorimetry [ 12 ], fluorescence [ 13 , 14 ], and electrochemistry [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Among these methods, a portable electrochemical biosensor has tremendous potential for home health monitoring and personal healthcare due to its easy miniaturization, high sensitivity, and low cost [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”