Polysaccharides with immunomodulating activity from roots of Gentiana crassicaulis

Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activities of purified stigma maydis polysaccharides

“…The results of precolumn derivatization HPLC showed that the monosaccharide composition of SMP‐1 hydrolysate contained Man, Rha, Glc, Gal, Ara, and Xyl, as well as GalA, with a relative molar ratio of 1.00:0.21:1.41:1.44:0.70:0.44:0.56 (Figure d). The monosaccharide composition of CPS was also consistent with the previous study (Zou et al, ) but with different molar ratios, which could be due to the differences during extraction and analysis.…”

Structure–immunomodulatory activity relationships of dietary polysaccharides

“…Among them, the high-molecular-weight component can promote a better release of NO and TNF-α expression ( Zhang et al, 2021b ). Gentiana crassicaulis root polysaccharides with high-molecular-weight have the strong effect of complement activation ( Zou et al, 2017 ). However, carrageenan from the red alga Solieria chordalis with low molecular weight (<20 kDa) and lentinan polysaccharides with medium molecular weight between (10–10000 kDa) also have higher immune activity ( Stephanie et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2005 ).…”

“…The complement system is one of the significant parts of the innate immune system, cooperating with the adaptive immune system ( Dunkelberger and Song, 2010 ). A higher amount of arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and arabinogalactan type II structures (AG-II) present in fraction Gentiana crassicaulis root polysaccharides I than that in fraction G. crassicaulis polysaccharides II, may explain the higher complement fixation activity of fraction G. crassicaulis polysaccharides I ( Zou et al, 2017 ). Parkia biglobosa bark polysaccharide which is a pectin polysaccharide containing AG-II shows great activity in complement binding tests and can promote macrophages to secrete NO ( Zou et al, 2014 ).…”

Effects of a Lysine-Involved Maillard Reaction on the Structure and In Vitro Activities of Polysaccharides from Longan Pulp

“…The signal at 5.76 ppm was derived from the aromatic protons of amino acid residues [19]. Furthermore, the signals in the range of 0.8–3.2 ppm indicated the presence of β –H and γ –CH 3 , as well as the -CH 2 and -CH from amino acid residues [19], in which 1.09–1.19 ppm signals responded to the methyl group of rhamnose [20]; 2.16 and 2.25 ppm signals arose from the proton and carbon of O–acetyl groups [21]; and the 2.624 ppm signal belonged to the proton of the hydroxyl groups [22]. MLPs had significantly weaker signal intensity in the range of 3.2–5.5 ppm compared with LPs.…”

“…MLPs had significantly weaker signal intensity in the range of 3.2–5.5 ppm compared with LPs. This might be due to the higher M w of the former which led to a somewhat worse solubility [20], or the consumption of carbonyl groups that impacted on the chemical shift of glycosidic anomeric protons.…”