Simulating the human brain for neuromorphic computing has attractive prospects in the field of artificial intelligence. Optoelectronic synapses have been considered to be important cornerstones of neuromorphic computing due to their ability to process optoelectronic input signals intelligently. In this work, optoelectronic synapses based on all‐inorganic perovskite nanoplates are fabricated, and the electronic and photonic synaptic plasticity is investigated. Versatile synaptic functions of the nervous system, including paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, transition from short‐ to long‐term memory, and learning‐experience behavior, are successfully emulated. Furthermore, the synapses exhibit a unique memory backtracking function that can extract historical optoelectronic information. This work could be conducive to the development of artificial intelligence and inspire more research on optoelectronic synapses.

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Anticounterfeiting techniques based on physical unclonable functions exhibit great potential in security protection of extensive commodities from daily necessities to high-end products. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate an unclonable super micro fingerprint (SMFP) array by introducing in situ grown perovskite crystals for multilevel anticounterfeiting labels. The unclonable features are formed on the basis of the differential transportation of a microscale perovskite precursor droplet during the inkjet printing process, coupled with random crystallization and Ostwald ripening of perovskite crystals originating from their ion crystal property. Furthermore, the unclonable patterns can be readily tailored by tuning in situ crystallization conditions of the perovskite. Three-dimensional height information on the perovskite patterns are introduced into a security label and further transformed into structural color, significantly enhancing the capacity of anticounterfeiting labels. The SMFPs are characterized with tunable multilevel anticounterfeiting properties, including macroscale patterns, microscale unclonable pattern, fluorescent two-dimensional pattens, and colorful three-dimensional information.

Aim: To evaluate a mixed micellar drug delivery system composed of sodium cholate and phospholipid for oral administration of silybin, a promising hepatoprotectants. Methods: The optimum formulation of sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles containing silybin was obtained based on the study of pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The dissolution of silybin-mixed micelles was investigated. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability after oral administration of silybin-mixed micelles and silybin-N-methylglucamine were compared in dogs. Results: The mean particle size of prepared mixed micelles was 75.9±4.2 nm. The largest solubility of silybin was found to be 10.0±1.1 mg/mL in the optimum formulation of mixed micelles. The silybin-sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles showed a very slow release of silybin 17.5% (w/w) within 72 h in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 15.6% (w/w) in HCl solution (pH 1.2). After oral administration to dogs, the relative bioavailability of mixed micelles versus silybin-N-methylglucamine in dogs was 252.0%. Conclusion: Sodium cholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles are promising carriers in orally delivery of silybin, considering their capability of enhancing bioavailability and large-scale production.

An unprecedented visible-light-induced direct C-H bond difluoroalkylation of aldehyde-derived hydrazones was developed. This reaction represents a new way to synthesize substituted hydrazones. The salient features of this reaction include difluorinated hydrazone synthesis rather than classical amine synthesis, extremely mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, wide substrate scope, ease in further transformations of the products, and one-pot syntheses. Mechanistic analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that this reaction is enabled by a novel aminyl radical/polar crossover mechanism, with the aminyl radical being oxidized into the corresponding aminyl cation through a single electron transfer (SET) process.