Polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia and Regulates Colon Microbiota in Diabetic db/db Mice

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide (RTFP) isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit on type-2 diabetic db/db mice. The results indicated that the oral administration of RTFP could significantly decrease the body weight, fat, and liver hypertrophy and the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum lipids of the db/db mice. Histopathological observation showed that RTFP could effectively protect the pancreas, liver, and epididymal fat against damage and dysfunction. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that the gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) were significantly down-regulated in the liver of db/db mice after treatment with RTFP. Moreover, RTFP treatment reversed gut dysbiosis by lowering the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria including Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroidaceae S24-7 group, and Lactobacillaceae. These findings suggest that RTFP can be used as a promising functional supplement for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Glycosaminoglycan from Ostrea rivularis attenuates hyperlipidemia and regulates gut microbiota in high‐cholesterol diet‐fed zebrafish

“…HCD increased serum and hepatic lipid levels and the HSI, evidencing that high‐fat diet results in lipid accumulation in zebrafish. Supplementation with OGAG reduced the hepatosomatic index, a result in line with previous reports showing the beneficial effects of dietary treatment with natural polysaccharides in animal models of hyperlipidemia (Wang et al., 2020 ; Zhu et al., 2018 ). In addition, OGAG treatment improved serum and hepatic lipid parameters.…”

Pyridostigmine Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating Vagal Activity, Gut Microbiota, and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism in Diabetic Mice

“…Furthermore, Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Bacteroides are beneficial bacteria that can directly affect the immune system of the host, inducing intestinal immunity and enhancing immune function ( Yuan et al, 2018 ). Additionally, accumulating studies have demonstrated that the abundance levels of Ruminococcus , Parabacteroides , Dorea , Clostridiales , and Clostridium are increased, whereas those of Lactobacillales , Lactobacillaceae , Lactobacillus , Allobaculum , Bacteroides , Bifidobacterium , and Bifidobacteriaceae are decreased in diabetic animal models and patients ( Peng et al, 2014 ; Gil-Cardoso et al, 2016 ; Cui et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Li S. et al, 2020 ; Ma et al, 2020 ). In this study, pyridostigmine enhanced the abundance of Lactobacillales , Lactobacillaceae , Erysipelotrichaceae , Lactobacillus , and Allobaculum .…”

Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia

“…Studies based on the conventionalization of germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CV) animals recognize the special role of the intestinal microbiota in host metabolism. Compared with healthy mice, diabetic db/db mice with lipid-metabolism disorder have lower levels of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Fecalibacterium prausnitzii , Eubacterium rectale , and Roseburia intestinalis ) and higher levels of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Clostridium hathewayi , Clostridium ramosum , and Eggerthella lenta ) ( Qin et al., 2012 ; Wang et al., 2020 ). The feces of rats with hyperlipidemia contains significantly more LPS-producing bacteria (e.g., Bilophila and Sutterella ) and mucosa-damaging bacteria ( Bilophila and Akkermansia muciniphila ) ( Song et al., 2017 ).…”