Polysaccharide‐Based Controlled Release Systems for Therapeutics Delivery and Tissue Engineering: From Bench to Bedside

Abstract

Polysaccharides or polymeric carbohydrate molecules are long chains of monosaccharides that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The naturally based structural materials are widely applied in biomedical applications. This article covers four different types of polysaccharides (i.e., alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran) and emphasizes their chemical modification, preparation approaches, preclinical studies, and clinical translations. Different cargo fabrication techniques are also presented in the third section. Recent progresses in preclinical applications are then discussed, including tissue engineering and treatment of diseases in both therapeutic and monitoring aspects. Finally, clinical translational studies with ongoing clinical trials are summarized and reviewed. The promise of new development in nanotechnology and polysaccharide chemistry helps clinical translation of polysaccharide‐based drug delivery systems.

Nanoplatforms of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs

“…Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers, Polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecules, dextranes, liposomes, chitosan etc. that offer excellent chemical stability, precise control over composition and structure and hence high efficiency in biomedical applications but suffers from the final size;, when the size increases, more NPs are entrapped within the liver and spleen , …”

Nanodrug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

“…Polymer-drug conjugates and dendrimers have covalently bonded drug molecules to the polymeric carriers. This consecutively necessitates the association of the complex with specific biochemical processes, shielding the complex from in vivo catalytic enzymatic destruction and protonic acid-hydrolytic reactions [48][49][50]. Furthermore, the minute-size of these carriers (normally 10 nm), enables perforation through plasma membranes of the glomeruli [17].…”

Carbohydrate‐based nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…Dextran, a glucose homopolysaccharide based on an α‐(1,6) backbone with α‐(1,2), α‐(1,3), or α‐(1,4) side chains, is a highly water‐soluble bacterial glycan with good biocompatibility and biodegradability with the tendency to form nanomaterials, and widely used in the pharmaceutical industry (Naessens, Cerdobbel, Soetaert, & Vandamme, ). Many reviews summarize the use of dextran for drug delivery and tissue engineering (Bisht & Maitra, ; Debele, Mekuria, & Tsai, ; Mehvar, ; Miao, Wang, Zeng, Liu, & Chen, ; Mizrahy & Peer, ; Mokhtarzadeh, Alibakhshi, Hejazi, Omidi, & Dolatabadi, ; G. Sun & Mao, ; Van Tomme & Hennink, ). We will focus on the recent advances on assemblies and nanostructures based on dextran and its chemical derivatives.…”