Nanodrug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

Despite advances achieved in medicine, chemotherapeutics still has detrimental side effects with ovarian cancer (OC), accounting for numerous deaths among females. The provision of safe, early detection and active treatment of OC remains a challenge, in spite of improvements in new antineoplastic discovery. Nanosystems have shown remarkable progress with impact in diagnosis and chemotherapy of various cancers, due to their ideal size; improved drug encapsulation within its interior core; potential to minimize drug degradation; improve in vivo drug release kinetics; and prolong blood circulation times. However, nanodrug delivery systems have few limitations regarding its accuracy of tumour targeting and the ability to provide sustained drug release. Hence, a cogent and strategic approach has focused on nanosystem functionalization with antibody-based ligands to selectively enhance cellular uptake of antineoplastics. Antibody functionalized nanosystems are (advanced) synthetic candidates, with a broad range of efficiency in specific tumour targeting, whilst leaving normal cells unaffected. This article comprehensively reviews the present status of nanosystems, with particular emphasis on nanomicelles for molecular diagnosis and treatment of OC. In addition, biomarkers of nanosystems provide important prospects as chemotherapeutic strategies to upsurge the survival rate of patients with OC.

Encapsulation of ε-Viniferin into Multi-Lamellar Liposomes: Development of a Rapid, Easy and Cost-Efficient Separation Method to Determine the Encapsulation Efficiency

“…A max tot × 100 100 − %R lip (5) where %R lip is the percentage of liposomes retained by the filter, and A f comp. is the contribution at λ max of liposome components after filtration, i.e., in the filtrate.…”

“…In this case, encapsulation has been developed to protect the ingredient from moisture, heat, or other extreme conditions, as well as to impede its interactions with the food matrix and to improve the food organoleptic properties (odor, taste, etc.). Encapsulation is also highly beneficial for drug delivery to improve the efficiency of medical treatments [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Microparticles could offer the possibility to accurately control the release rate of the incorporated drug over periods of hours to months and to target a specific site [ 3 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Engineered EV-Mimetic Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

“…Despite the advances in target-based delivery, to date, barely any improvement has been seen in the survival of OC patients in the past 30 years [ 240 , 241 ]. Therefore, there is a need for target-based nano drug delivery formulated with specific ligands that target HGSOC tumors, especially in the peritoneal cavity rather than depending on passive mechanisms [ 204 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 ]. There is a growing interest in using EV mimetics, which are liposome-based nano-vesicle complexes that mimic the naturally occurring EVs in vivo.…”

An Overview of Dual Targeting Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

“…Also, advanced polymeric nanotechnology provides better alternatives for treating OC, thereby minimizing systemic toxicities linked with the administration of the chemotherapeutic drug. 3 Also, a combination of chemotherapeutics can be used to improve anticancer efficacy against OC. This depends on the theory that one drug-resistant tumour cells will be sensitive to another drug with a different mechanism of action.…”