Polypyrrole–para-phenolsulfonic acid/tape artificial muscle as a tool to clarify biomimetic driven reactions and ionic exchanges

Fuchiwaki, Masaki; Otero, Toribio F.

doi:10.1039/c3tb21653e

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…8 An inherent shortcoming of conducting polymers is the low conductivity in the reduced state, affecting the rate of response of actuators. The main charging/discharging mechanism of conducting polymers follows the oxidation/ reduction process (faradaic) 14,15 while for CDC materials (nonfaradaic) an electrical double layer (EDL) charging process dominates. 12 Another option is the electropolymerization of PPy on carbon-based materials serving as the conductive electrode, resulting in composite materials with enhanced actuation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbide-derived carbon in polypyrrole changing the elastic modulus with a huge impact on actuation

et al. 2016

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While carbide-derived carbon (CDC)-based materials have shown stable behavior in ionic electro-chemomechanical actuators, the displacement and actuation speed have remained low compared to conducting polymer-based actuators. The goal of this research was to obtain more responsive conducting polymer-CDC composite films and to investigate their linear actuation properties, comparing the stress and strain to those of polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS À ). The PPy-CDC hybrid films were synthesized electrochemically using polyoxometalate (POM) (phosphotungstic acid) to attach charge to the CDC particles for embedding them into the PPy matrix as secondary dopants in addition to DBS À . Cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps in electro-chemo-mechanical deformation (ECMD) measurements were performed in aqueous electrolyte solution, showing that the PPy-CDC hybrids had higher strain (12%) and stress (0.6 MPa) than the PPy/DBS films. The new composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy to evaluate the composition of these promising materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbide-derived carbon in polypyrrole changing the elastic modulus with a huge impact on actuation

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] During the oxidation/reduction of the electroactive material counterions and solvent molecules are exchanged with the electrolyte to keep the charge balance inside the film and the osmotic balance between the material and the electrolyte. [10][11][12][13][14][15] They are electro-chemo-mechanical transducers. Bending bilayer artificial muscles transduce minor reaction-driven ionic exchanges into large angular (> 30°) displacements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and coulodynamic characterization of PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape bilayer artificial muscles

2016

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a Polypyrrole-dodecylbenzenesulphonate-multi-walled carbon nanotube (PPy-DBS-MWCNT) films, thick enough (48.6 µm) to be peeled off from the steel electrode, were electrogenerated. Bilayer PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape artificial muscles were constructed and submitted to potential sweeps with parallel video-recording of their angular displacements. The coulodynamic (angle-charge) responses reveal that the composite shrinks/swells by oxidation/reduction, respectively, due to the reaction-driven cation exchange. Reversible bending movements of 106° occur under faradaic (linear) control of the consumed charge. Minor deviations and hysteresis were identified with irreversible reactions and osmotic processes. The muscle is a faradaic motor.

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“…Figure b indicates that the consumed charge allows, through reaction 1 and equation 2, a good control of the relative position of the muscle during a potential cycle by means of the flowing specific charge. The coulo‐dynamical hysteresis (for the same charge the muscle position on the anodic or cathodic sweep is different) is due to the osmotic entrance of solvent following the Faradaic ionic exchange ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Monolayer Artificial Muscle

Otero

Valero

2017

ChemElectroChem

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A bending electro‐chemo‐mechanical monolayer artificial muscle is presented and characterized. A transversal cross‐linking gradient attained during the film electropolymerization is proposed as the origin of the reaction‐driven muscular action. Each unit of charge consumed per unit of polymer weight gives the largest angular displacement described in the literature. This oversimplified polymeric motor for engineering applications saves extra energy required to bend and trail inactive layers from bilayer or multilayer classical structures.

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Polypyrrole–para-phenolsulfonic acid/tape artificial muscle as a tool to clarify biomimetic driven reactions and ionic exchanges

Abstract: Driven reactions, complex ionic exchanges and structural changes are clarified by bending bilayer muscles and corroborated by EDX analysis.

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Carbide-derived carbon in polypyrrole changing the elastic modulus with a huge impact on actuation

Carbide-derived carbon in polypyrrole changing the elastic modulus with a huge impact on actuation

Construction and coulodynamic characterization of PPy-DBS-MWCNT/tape bilayer artificial muscles

Bending Monolayer Artificial Muscle

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