Polyphenols in Representative Teucrium Species in the Flora of R. Macedonia: LC/DAD/ESI-MSⁿ Profile and Content

Abstract

In the present work, the polyphenolic profile and content of four Teucrium species (T. chamaedrys L., T. montanum L., T. polium L., T. scordium L.) from the Macedonian flora were examined. A LC/DAD/ESI-MS n chromatographic method was optimized and 31 phenolic compounds were identified, quantified and classified into four groups: hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (2), phenylethanoid glycosides (12), flavonoid glycosides (11) and flavonoid aglycones (6). The total phenolic content (mg/g dry herb) ranged from 28.2 (T. montanum), 30.9 (T. scordium), 35.1 (T. polium) to 52.1 (T. chamaedrys). Phenylethanoid glycosides were the predominant group of polyphenols in the studied samples contributing 60% of the total phenolic content for T. polium and T. scordium and around 90% for T. montanum and T. chamaedrys. The systematic analysis for identification and quantification of all present phenolic compounds contributes to the chemotaxonomy of the investigated Teucrium species and to the valorization based on their phenolic profiles and content.

Phenolic Compounds Determination and Antioxidant Activity of Teucrium Cavernarum

“…Compound 18 showed a deprotonated molecular ion peak at m/z 329 and yielded ions at m/z 314, 299, and 285 which were similar with cirsimaritin. Hydroxy cirsimaritin, compound 17, was identified as cirsiliol which was previously reported for Teucrium [8].…”

“…Compound 17 was identified as diosmetin with its molecular ion at m/z 299 and base peak ion at m/z 284, owing to the loss of a methyl unit. Compound 14 showed a molecular ion at m/z 461 and product ions which were same as diosmetin (m/z 299) due to the loss of glucose unit, therefore compounds 14 and 17 were identified as diosmetin and diosmetin glucoside respectively using the previously reported data in the literature and fragmentation behaviors [8]. Compound 15 was identified as luteolin after comparison of its retention time and MS/MS spectrum with the standard luteolin compound.…”

“…The m/z 315 ion was also observed for both compounds owing to the loss of rhamnoglucosyl moiety (162 amu + 146 amu). Distinction of compound 4 and 5 was done accourding to the previous Teucrium study in similar conditions which verbascoside eluate earlier than forsythoside A [8].…”

Determination of the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Salvia viridis L. Shoots: A Comparison of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts

“…The loss of 308 amu is due to a cleavage of rutinose unit. The ion at m/z 285 is attributed to the luteolin aglycone, indicating the compound to be luteolin- O -rutinoside [ 17 ], a compound previously described in the species by Kokkalou and Kapetanidis [ 6 ].…”

“…Peak 8 (t r = 24.5 min) showed the same pseudomolecular ion at m/z 623 [M − H] − and fragment ion at m/z 477 owing to loss of the rhamnose unit (−146 amu) and ions at m/z 461, 315 and 135, owing to successive losses of caffeoyl residue (−162 amu), rhamnose and hexose from the main ion. The compound was tentatively identified as an isomer of verbascoside, forsythoside A according to literature data [ 17 , 25 ]. Forsythoside A is rarely found in the Lamiceae family.…”