Polyphenol profile and content in wild and cultivated Cynara cardunculus L.

Abstract

The species <em>Cynara cardunculus</em> L. is native to the Mediterranean Basin, where its commercial production makes a significant contribution to the agricultural economy. It contains phenolic acids and flavones, which play an important role in diet, because of their beneficial effects on human health, and in industrial processing, due to the browning phenomenon. The quantitative and qualitative profile of these compounds is affected by different factors, such as genotype, environmental conditions, crop management and processing procedures. As a consequence, these are relevant for defining the quality of the product. Therefore, our aim was to review the main factors that influence polyphenol biosynthesis and degradation in <em>C. cardunculus.</em> From available data in literature, the genetic background appears to be the main factor, followed by environmental effects. However, crop management also could be a valuable tool to enhance the polyphenol content. <em>C. cardunculus</em> also provides substantial quantities of polyphenol-rich by-products, which could be considered as a natural source of health-promoting compounds and an added value for the farming business

The nutraceutical response of two globe artichoke cultivars to contrasting NPK fertilizer regimes

“…The profile of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids (identified by a combined chromatographic and UV spectrophotometric approach) was qualitatively comparable to those described elsewhere Pandino, Lombardo, Mauro, et al, 2012;Pandino, Lombardo, Williamson, et al, 2012;Pandino et al, 2010). In both fertilizer regimes at each of the three trial locations, the presence of luteolin 7-O-glucuronide was detected in 'Tema 2000' but not in 'Apollo' (Tables 3-6).…”

“…The globe artichoke head harbors substantial amounts of ascorbic acid and various polyphenols (Ceccarelli et al, 2010;Lombardo et al, 2010Lombardo et al, , 2012Pandino, Lombardo, Mauro, & Mauromicale, 2012;Pandino, Lombardo, Williamson, & Mauromicale, 2012). Their concentration is known to be influenced by cultural practices, among other factors (Lee & Kader, 2000;Pandino, Lombardo, Lo Monaco, & Mauromicale, 2013).…”

Effect of packaging film and antibrowning solution on quality maintenance of minimally processed globe artichoke heads

“…Nowadays, this crop is widely distributed all over the world, even though it is mainly concentrated in the Mediterranean regions, where it contributes to the agricultural economy (Pandino, Lombardo, & Mauromicale, 2013). In recent years, an increasing demand for functional foods with added value has led to a renewed interest for this crop (Lombardo, Pandino, Mauro, & Mauromicale, 2009;Pandino, Lombardo, & Mauromicale, 2011;Pandino, Lombardo, Mauromicale, & Williamson, 2012a;Pandino, Lombardo, Williamson, & Mauromicale, 2012b). In this sense, globe artichoke has shown to possess 'in vitro' hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-HIV, bile-expelling, and diuretic properties as well as the ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation (Lattanzio, Kroon, Linsalata, & Cardinali, 2009).…”

In vitro antioxidant activities and phenolic content in crop residues of Tunisian globe artichoke

“…The high phenolic content in globe artichoke crop residues may vary according to plant parts and cultivars (Farag et al, 2013;Pandino et al, 2012a), head maturity, storage and processing techniques (Lutz et al, 2011;Pandino et al, 2012b;Wang et al, 2003).…”