Polymorphisms in predator induced defences of coexisting Daphnia pulex and D. longispina

Maurone, Catia; Suppa, Antonio; Rossi, Valeria

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3701-1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition to the development of neckteeth, research revealed the induction of less predator-specific morphological defences in response to the predator Chaoborus, i.e., helmets and head and tail spines, which offer protection for various prey size classes in different Daphnia species against this invertebrate predator [150]. In C. flavicans-induced D. longispina the relative tail spine length was found to be longer than in induced D. pulex, which was attributed to the higher responsiveness of the smaller D. longispina to this invertebrate predator in comparison to the larger D. pulex [144]. The reason for this may be that an elongated tail spine could render D. longispina too large to fit into Chaoborus' catching basket.…”

Section: Defences Against Invertebrate Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In particular, several studies investigating neckteeth were able to show large variation within this defensive trait between different Daphnia species and clones [27,41,107,[143][144][145]. The induced neckteeth have been shown to differ in number, in their arrangement (line or rosette), and in the size of the neck-pedestal underneath them [107,109,[144][145][146][147][148]. The defensive effect of the neckteeth is suspected to be a mechanical interference with the predator's fine mouthparts [31].…”

Section: Defences Against Invertebrate Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…x [144] x x x [44] x x x [109] x x x x [198] x x x [211,215] Chaoborus obscuripes x x x [30] Chaoborus sp.…”

Section: Daphnia Pulexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton

et al. 2020

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Phenotypic plasticity in defensive traits is an appropriate mechanism to cope with the variable hazard of a frequently changing predator spectrum. In the animal kingdom these so-called inducible defences cover the entire taxonomic range from protozoans to vertebrates. The inducible defensive traits range from behaviour, morphology, and life-history adaptations to the activation of specific immune systems in vertebrates. Inducible defences in prey species play important roles in the dynamics and functioning of food webs. Freshwater zooplankton show the most prominent examples of inducible defences triggered by chemical cues, so-called kairomones, released by predatory invertebrates and fish. The objective of this review is to highlight recent progress in research on inducible defences in freshwater zooplankton concerning behaviour, morphology, and life-history, as well as difficulties of studies conducted in a multipredator set up. Furthermore, we outline costs associated with the defences and discuss difficulties as well as the progress made in characterizing defence-inducing cues. Finally, we aim to indicate further possible routes in this field of research and provide a comprehensive table of inducible defences with respect to both prey and predator species.

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Section: Defences Against Invertebrate Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Defences Against Invertebrate Predatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, the formation of specialized defensive structures has been described, for example, the expression of neckteeth in D. pulex as a response to Chaoborus larvae (Krueger & Dodson, 1981), or the large crest in species of the D. carinata complex induced by backswimmers ( Anisops sp., Notonectidae; Grant & Bayly, 1981). Although inducible defenses in Daphnia have been intensively studied throughout the last decades, so far unrecognized defenses as well as novel defense mechanisms and adaptions are still revealed on a regular basis (Herzog & Laforsch, 2013; Herzog, Rabus, Wolfschoon Ribeiro, & Laforsch, 2016; Herzog, Tittgen, & Laforsch, 2016; Maurone, Suppa, & Rossi, 2018). Many of these recently discovered defenses have been found in Daphnia inhabiting pools and temporary ponds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐specific inducible morphological defenses of a water flea against two freshwater predators

Ritschar

Rabus

Laforsch

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The expression of inducible morphological defenses in Daphnia in response to a single predator is a well-known phenomenon. However, predator-specific modifications of the same defensive traits as an adaption to different predator regimes is so far only described for Daphnia barbata. It is unknown if this accounts only for this species or if it is a more widespread, general adaptive response in the genus Daphnia. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether a clone of the pond-dwelling species Daphnia similis responds to different predatory invertebrates (Triops cancriformis; Notonecta maculata) with the expression of predator-specific modifications of the same defensive traits. We showed that Triops-exposed individuals express a significantly longer tail-spine, while body width decreased in comparison to control individuals. Additionally, they also expressed inconspicuous defenses, that is, significantly longer spinules on the dorsal ridge. The Notonecta-exposed D. similis showed a significantly longer tail-spine, longer spinules and a larger spinules bearing area on the dorsal ridge than control individuals as well. However, a geometric morphometric analysis of the head shape revealed significant, predator-specific changes. Triopsexposed individuals expressed a flattened head shape with a pronounced dorsal edge, while Notonecta-exposed individuals developed a high and strongly rounded head.Our study describes so far unrecognized inducible defenses of D. similis against two predators in temporary waters. Furthermore, the predator-dependent change in head shape is in concordance with the 'concept of modality', which highlights the qualitative aspect of natural selection caused by predators. K E Y W O R D Shead shape, morphometry, phenotypic plasticity, predator-prey interactions

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“…Less is known about the precise timing of neck spine acquisition and loss in the other Daphnia species that form these structures. These induced defenses, however, are always present in some or all of the juvenile instars of these species, and in at least two of them ( D. arenata and D. hrbaceki ) they are also retained in the adults (Colbourne et al ; Lüning‐Krizan ; Sell ; Kotov et al ; Juračka et al , ; Maurone et al ).…”

Section: Developmental Timing Of Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent developmental patterns of induced morphological defenses in rotifers and Daphnia: Ecological and evolutionary context

Riessen

Gilbert

2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Induced morphological defenses commonly develop in some loricate rotifers as greatly increased spine development and in many species of the cladoceran genus Daphnia as an alteration in the shape and size of its head, producing helmets, crests, and neck spines. This restructuring of the shape of these animals during development, which reduces their vulnerability to a variety of planktonic predators, involves a series of developmental challenges and potential evolutionary constraints for each specific type of defense. In this review, we examine these challenges and the divergent developmental patterns that evolved in rotifers and Daphnia in response to the particular forms of predation pressure they face in their lake and pond environments. These patterns involve differences in the sensitivity of various developmental stages to predator kairomones, the timing of when the defense is present during postembryonic development, the ability to reverse the induced defense if the predator disappears from the community, and the effect of water temperature on the induction process. The type of developmental pattern associated with each induced defense appears to have been shaped by natural selection to effectively protect the animal, at minimal cost, from the specific kind of predation pressure to which it is commonly subjected.

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Polymorphisms in predator induced defences of coexisting Daphnia pulex and D. longispina

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton

Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton

Predator‐specific inducible morphological defenses of a water flea against two freshwater predators

Divergent developmental patterns of induced morphological defenses in rotifers and Daphnia: Ecological and evolutionary context

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