Cationic polyethylenimine (PEI)-based nonviral gene carriers
have
been desirable to overcome the limitations of viral vectors in gene
therapy. A range of PEI derivatives were designed, synthesized, and
evaluated for nonviral delivery applications of plasmid DNA (pDNA).
Linolenic acid, lauric acid, and oleic acid were covalently conjugated
with low-molecular-weight PEI (M
w ∼
1200 Da) via two different linkers, gallic acid (GA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHPA), that allows a differential loading of
lipids per modified amine (3 vs 1, respectively). 1H NMR
spectrum confirmed the expected structure of the conjugates as well
as the level of lipid substitution. SYBR Green binding assay performed
to investigate the 50% binding concentration (BC50) of
lipophilic polymers to pDNA revealed increased BC50 with
an increased level of lipid substitution. The particle analysis determined
that GA- and PHPA-modified lipopolymers gave pDNA complexes with ∼300
and ∼100 nm in size, respectively. At the polymer/pDNA ratio
of 5.0, the ζ-potentials of the complexes were negative (−6.55
to −10.6 mV) unlike the complexes with the native PEI (+11.2
mV). The transfection experiments indicated that the prepared lipopolymers
showed higher transfection in attachment-dependent cells than in suspension
cells based on the expression of the reporter green fluorescent protein
(GFP) gene. When loaded with Cy3-labeled pDNA, the lipopolymers exhibited
effective cellular uptake in attachment-dependent cells while the
cellular uptake was limited in suspension cells. These results demonstrate
the potential of lipid-conjugated PEI via GA and PHPA linkers, which
are promising for the modification of anchorage-dependent cells.