“…Traditionally, EGOFETs are fabricated with nonprinted technology, most commonly with gold source and drain electrodes thermally evaporated and semiconductor deposited by spin coating. Occasionally, an additional chromium or titanium adhesion layer is thermally evaporated and surface functionalization with SAMs is provided by immersion . However, some articles do report on the partial fabrication of EGOFETs employing the inkjet‐printing technology.…”
Section: Inkjet‐printing Of Organic Transistorsmentioning
Inkjet-printing is one of the most important fabrication techniques in the field of printed electronics. Its main advantages include the possibility of fabricating, at ambient conditions and by employing a digital layout, a large variety of electronic devices on different types of substrates, including flexible plastic ones. In this paper, the utilization of inkjet-printing as an important fabrication tool for the realization of organic transistors and circuits/sensing systems based on such type of transistors is reviewed. The most important aspects of the fabrication process, including ink formulation, printing deposition, and postprinting treatment, are described in detail. The most significant examples of inkjet-printed organic transistors of different types (field-effect, electrolytegated, and electrochemical) are presented and finally an overview of their applications as building blocks of more complex electronic circuits and systems for the detection and quantification of specific measurands is provided.
“…Traditionally, EGOFETs are fabricated with nonprinted technology, most commonly with gold source and drain electrodes thermally evaporated and semiconductor deposited by spin coating. Occasionally, an additional chromium or titanium adhesion layer is thermally evaporated and surface functionalization with SAMs is provided by immersion . However, some articles do report on the partial fabrication of EGOFETs employing the inkjet‐printing technology.…”
Section: Inkjet‐printing Of Organic Transistorsmentioning
Inkjet-printing is one of the most important fabrication techniques in the field of printed electronics. Its main advantages include the possibility of fabricating, at ambient conditions and by employing a digital layout, a large variety of electronic devices on different types of substrates, including flexible plastic ones. In this paper, the utilization of inkjet-printing as an important fabrication tool for the realization of organic transistors and circuits/sensing systems based on such type of transistors is reviewed. The most important aspects of the fabrication process, including ink formulation, printing deposition, and postprinting treatment, are described in detail. The most significant examples of inkjet-printed organic transistors of different types (field-effect, electrolytegated, and electrochemical) are presented and finally an overview of their applications as building blocks of more complex electronic circuits and systems for the detection and quantification of specific measurands is provided.
“…[13] Another issue arises from the membrane-coating procedure itself, which involves organic solvents and chemical treatments that may be incompatible with the electrode and channel materials underneath, limiting the materials that can be used as transducing units. [14] Hence, the development of a functional, single-component electronic material that can selectively capture ions in an aqueous environment, and then generate an electrical output proportional to the amount of these ions, is a leap forward towards robust electrical sensing of hydrated ions.…”
Alkali-metal ions are the messengers of all living cells, governing a cascade of physiological processes through the action of ion channels. Sodium (Na +) and potassium (K +) are the two alkali metals found in human blood serum. Devices that can monitor, in real time, the concentrations of these cations in aqueous media are in demand not only for the study of cellular machinery and dysfunctions, but also to detect conditions in the human body that lead to electrolyte imbalance, such as hypernatremia, hyperkalemia or dehydration. In this work, we developed conducting polymers that respond rapidly and selectively to varying concentrations of Na + and K + in aqueous media. These polymer films, bearing crown-ether-functionalized thiophene units specific to either Na + or K + ions, generated an electrical output proportional to the cation type and concentration. Using electropolymerization, we deposited the ion-selective polymers onto microscale gold patterns and integrated them as the gate electrode of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The OECT current changed with respect to the concentration of the ion to which the polymer electrode was selective. Designed as a single, miniaturized chip, the OECT enabled the selective detection of Na + and K + within a physiologically relevant range. These electrochemical ion sensors required neither a complex functionalization route to fabricate, nor ion-selective membranes or a reference electrode to operate. Such customized conducting polymers have the potential to surpass existing technologies for the detection of alkali-metal ions in aqueous media and for further development into implantable medical devices.
“…Additionally, selective and sensitive chiral recognition biosensors based on OTFTs have been prepared in Figure 10B 82 with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)‐modified gate electrodes. Through modification with different polymeric ion‐selective membranes on the gate electrode in Figure 10C, 83 selective responses toward K + and Ca 2+ ions have been achieved. Based on changes of the membrane potential at the interface of the gate electrode/electrolyte solution, the ionic signal is transduced to an electrical signal.…”
Section: Applications Of Otfts‐based Biosensorsmentioning
Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs)-based biosensors are widely applied as advanced biosensing platforms by virtue of their inherent ability to transfer and amplify received biological signals into electrical signals. Nevertheless, the development of OTFTs-based biosensors with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for specific biological processes remains a major challenge. This mini review focuses on recent achievements in OTFTs-based biosensors since 2010. Specifically, three types of OTFTs, specifically organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), electrolyte-gated OFETs (EGOFETs), and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are summarized in terms of the key strategies required for highperformance bioelectronics. Additionally, various OTFTs-based biosensors, such as ions, glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, and cells are described in terms of their working principles. This mini review highlights the uses of OTFTs for a broad range of research applications with a focus on designing novel OTFTs-based biosensors.
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