Polymer-sorted (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes for solution-processed low-voltage flexible microelectronics

Bottacchi, Francesca; Petti, Luisa; Späth, Florian; Namal, İmge; Tröster, Gerhard; Hertel, Tobias; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.

doi:10.1063/1.4921078

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The absorption in the range of 340 -380 nm corresponds to the polymer PFO. Two additional minor peaks are visible at 995 nm and 1140 nm, which may be due to residual amounts of (6,5) and (7,6) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental evidence of the presence of nearly single chirality (7,5) SWNTs arises from the existence of two sharp absorption peaks at 1050 nm and 655 nm, which correspond respectively to the first (E11) and second (E22) excitonic sub-band transitions of the (7,5) SWNT. [20] Two additional smaller peaks are visible at 995 nm and 1140 nm, which may be due to residual amounts of (6,5) and (7,6) semiconducting SWNTs, respectively. [1,21] From Figure 1, the carbon-atom concentration of the (7,5), (6,5) and (7,6) nanotube species can be found, from which we can obtain the following relative fractions: (7,5) ≈ 82 %, (6,5) ≈ 8.9 %, and (7,6) ≈ 9.1 %.…”

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] Two additional smaller peaks are visible at 995 nm and 1140 nm, which may be due to residual amounts of (6,5) and (7,6) semiconducting SWNTs, respectively. [1,21] From Figure 1, the carbon-atom concentration of the (7,5), (6,5) and (7,6) nanotube species can be found, from which we can obtain the following relative fractions: (7,5) ≈ 82 %, (6,5) ≈ 8.9 %, and (7,6) ≈ 9.1 %. [34,35] Most importantly, there is no significant absorption in the range of 450 nm -550 nm, which is where absorption from metallic SWNTs in the (7,5) diameter range would appear, [18,20,21,36] clearly highlighting the effectiveness of using PFO as the dispersant polymer.…”

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note however that these values are only -7 -indicative of the upper limit for the SWNTs coverage and not an accurate estimation due to the following reasons: (i) the AFM probe has an atomic-scale vertical resolution and a lateral resolution comparable to the probe-radius so, the higher the resolution of the scan, the more accurate the extracted coverage value is; (ii) the residual PFO present in the network most likely surrounds the nanotubes and potentially increases their apparent diameter; (iii) small amounts of residual (6,5) and (7,6) SWNTs with different diameters from the (7,5) species are also known to exist in our samples, providing some perturbation in the estimation of the single chirality SWNT coverage; and (iv) this coverage value refers to the total amount of material deposited on SiO2 and thus it includes carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube bundles, carbon aggregates, and polymers. Despite of these relatively minor issues, our approach results in a simple and rapid way for quantifying the substrate surface coverage of a given nano-material distribution using the surface topography obtained by conventional AFM.…”

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last several years, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been employed in a wide range of optoelectronic devices, including field-effect transistors [1][2][3][4][5][6] (FETs), solar cells, [7] integrated circuits, [8][9][10] radio frequency ID (RFID) antennas [11] and lightemitting devices. [12,13] In addition to their attractive electronic properties, SWNTs can be easily solution-processed, hence making them extremely attractive for application in plastic microelectronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Bottacchi

Späth

et al. 2016

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The current percolation in polymer-sorted semiconducting (7,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks, processed from solution, is investigated using a combination of electrical field-effect measurements, atomic force microcopy (AFM) and conductive AFM (C-AFM) techniques. From AFM measurements, the nanotube length in the as-processed (7,5) SWNTs network is found to range from ~100 nm to ~1500 nm, with a SWNT surface density well above the percolation threshold and a maximum surface coverage ≈ 58%. Analysis of the field-effect charge transport measurements in the SWNT network using a two-dimensional -2 -plane and reveal the isotropic nature of the as-spun (7,5) SWNT networks. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of combining advanced scanning probe techniques with field-effect charge transport measurements for quantification of key network parameters including current percolation, surface coverage and degree of SWNT alignment. Most importantly, the proposed approach is general and applicable to other nanoscale networks, including metallic nanowires as well as hybrid nano-composites.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (75) Swnt Dispersion and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Bottacchi

Späth

et al. 2016

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Chirality‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next‐Generation Computing

Rojas

Hersam

2020

Advanced Materials

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electronic, [3-4,4] and functional requirements. [5] Conventional silicon integrated circuit (IC) technology faces significant challenges in meeting these demands due to its limited mechanical flexibility, high temperature processing, and scaling limitations. Emerging alternative computing platforms based on other crystalline semiconductors suffer from similar limitations. Consequently, nextgeneration computing necessitates the exploration of radically different electronic materials. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are among the most promising and highly studied nanoelectronic materials. Due to their small size, [6,7] solutionprocessability, [8] chemical stability, [9] and chirality-dependent optoelectronic properties, [10] SWCNTs offer a number of unique advantages and are compatible with the complex requirements of future computing devices. Recent advances in chiral enrichment of polydisperse SWCNTs [8,10] have allowed their use as semiconducting channels in diverse settings including charge transport devices, [2] optical emitters and detectors, [11,12] and chemical sensors. [2,3,13,14] With this tunable functionality, a range of SWCNT-based computing applications have been realized, such as printed digital logic, [15] sub-10 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect transistors (FETs), [16] neuromorphic devices, [17] single-photon emitters (SPE), [18] and enantiomer-recognition sensors. [14] Herein, we discuss recent advances in SWCNT-based computing technologies that process, manage, and communicate information, with an emphasis on the enabling role of chiral enrichment. Section 2.1 defines the different levels of chiral enrichment. Sections 2.2 and 2.3 describe direct growth methods and post-processing purification of SWCNTs for electronic-type and monochiral enrichment. Section 3 discusses applications of electronic-type-enriched SWCNTs such as wearables, highly scaled FETs, 3D logic-memory integration, and neuromorphic devices. Section 4 outlines applications of monochiral-enriched SWCNTs including monochiral FETs, optical emitters, photodetectors, and optoelectronic ICs. Section 5 considers recent progress toward enantiomerically pure SWCNTs. Finally, Section 6 presents an outlook for SWCNTs in next-generation computing applications including a delineation of remaining challenges and future opportunities. For the past half century, silicon has served as the primary material platform for integrated circuit technology. However, the recent proliferation of nontraditional electronics, such as wearables, embedded systems, and lowpower portable devices, has led to increasingly complex mechanical and electrical performance requirements. Among emerging electronic materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising candidates for next-generation computing as a result of their superlative electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, their chirality-dependent properties enable a wide range of emerging electronic applications including sub-10 nm complementary fie...

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Remarkably Stable, High‐Quality Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Inks for Highly Reproducible Field‐Effect Transistors

Talsma

Sengrian

Salazar‐Rios

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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production of low-cost network field-effect transistors (FETs), [1] logic circuits, [2,3] and other electronic devices. [4][5][6][7][8] The polymerwrapping selection of semiconducting SWCNT was introduced by Nish et al. in 2007, [9] and improved and expanded by many authors in the last years. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Polyfluorene, [18,21,22] poly thiophene [23][24][25][26] derivatives, and many other polymers [27][28][29][30][31][32] are used to interact with the SWCNT walls. [33][34][35][36] However, the interaction of the polymer chains with the SWCNT is rather weak, resulting in the main advantage of this sorting method, namely the polymer wrapping does not greatly alter the electronic properties of the nanotubes. [37][38][39] In the last years, this technique has become very popular as compared with other solution-based selection processes such as density gradient ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography, in particular because of its simplicity, scalability, and high dispersion yield. [36,40,41] The mechanism of the selection process of s-SWCNT, even if still under debate, can be described as following. First, the π-π interaction is driving the polymer backbone to the SWCNT walls, and the alkyl side chains wrap around the tube limiting its interaction with the solvent. Second, the selection mechanism, as it has been speculated, arises from the screening of the s-SWCNT polarizability by wrapped poly mers. [12] The metallic-SWCNT (m-SWCNT) species have roughly three orders of magnitude larger polarizability as compared with the s-SWCNT. [42,43] It is, therefore, the large polarizability and the insufficient screening that lead to the rebundling of the m-SWCNT. [23] The significant weight difference between bundles and individualized tubes is the last ingredient, which allows for the separation of the two species by means of ultracentrifugation.Not only the polymer structure but also the chain conformation in the solvent is an important factor to obtain high selectivity and high dispersion yield. Wang et al. investigated different organic solvents for the selection process bringing forward the idea that a poor solvent for the polymer is necessary to reduce the polymer-solvent interaction and favor the interaction with the SWCNT walls. [20] Toluene has been the most used solvent as it allows to obtain a good selection yield for semiconducting tubes with many different polymers. [11,13,18,24,44,45] Unfortunately, though, the shelf lifetime of s-SWCNT inks in toluene is severely limited by nanotube aggregation and In the past years, high-quality semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) inks obtained by conjugated polymer wrapping using toluene as solvent have been used for the fabrication of high-performance field-effect transistors. Charge-carrier mobilities up to 50 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and on/off ratios above 10 8 have been reported for devices based on networks of s-SWCNT. However, devices fabricated from inks that are only a few weeks old generally show a marked decrease in perf...

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Polymer-sorted (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes for solution-processed low-voltage flexible microelectronics

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Nanoscale Charge Percolation Analysis in Polymer‐Sorted (7,5) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Chirality‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for Next‐Generation Computing

Remarkably Stable, High‐Quality Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Inks for Highly Reproducible Field‐Effect Transistors

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