Polymer solar cells

Li, Gang; Zhu, Rui; Yang, Yang

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.11

Cited by 4,103 publications

(2,915 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Besides allowing the effective separation of carriers, these alternative materials must provide low surface recombination velocities and negligible contact resistivities if they were to replace traditional dopants in silicon. For instance, organic semiconductor materials such as P3HT and PEDOT:PSS have recently attracted much attention in organic/inorganic photovoltaic devices, based on their demonstrated hole injection and extraction properties when used as buffer layers in organic photovoltaics [2]. Hybrid c-Si/organic structures where the p-doped layer is replaced by PEDOT:PSS have already been demonstrated [3,4], achieving an outstanding open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of 657 mV and a conversion efficiency above 20% [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Gerling

Mahato

Morales-Vilches

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

340

281

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This work reports on a comparative study comprising three transition metal oxides, MoO 3 , WO 3 and V 2 O 5 , acting as front p-type emitters for n-type crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Owing to their high work functions (>5 eV) and wide energy band gaps, these oxides act as transparent hole-selective contacts with semiconductive properties that are determined by oxygen-vacancy defects (MoO 3-x ), as confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the fabricated hybrid structures, 15 nm thick transition metal oxide layers were deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation. Of all three devices, the V 2 O 5 /n-silicon heterojunction performed the best with a conversion efficiency of 15.7% and an open-circuit voltage of 606 mV, followed by MoO 3 (13.6%) and WO 3 (12.5%). These results bring into view a new silicon heterojunction solar cell concept with advantages such as the absence of toxic dopant gases and a simplified low-temperature fabrication process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Gerling

Mahato

Morales-Vilches

et al. 2016

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

340

281

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“…1 Over the last few years, organic chemists and material scientists have been working towards developing novel molecular structures and device architectures to improve the performance of photovoltaic devices. 2 To maximize the performance of OPV devices, 3 attention has shifted beyond just the molecular formula to other considerations such as molecular weight characteristics, 4 chemical and thermal stabilities, 5 endgroup contributions, 6 extrinsic impurities, 7 as well as intra-and intermolecular charge carrier mobilities.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Donor–Acceptor Polymers with an A–D1–A–D2 Structure: Controlling Intermolecular Interactions to Enable Enhanced Polymer Photovoltaic Devices

et al. 2014

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Extensive efforts have been made to develop novel conjugated polymers that give improved performance in organic photovoltaic devices. The use of polymers based on alternating electron-donating and electron-accepting units not only allows the frontier molecular orbitals to be tuned to maximize the open-circuit voltage of the devices but also controls the optical band gap to increase the number of photons absorbed and thus modifies the other critical device parameterthe short circuit current. In fact, varying the nonchromophoric components of a polymer is often secondary to the efforts to adjust the intermolecular aggregates and improve the charge-carrier mobility. Here, we introduce an approach to polymer synthesis that facilitates simultaneous control over both the structural and electronic properties of the polymers. Through the use of a tailored multicomponent acceptor−donor−acceptor (A−D−A) intermediate, polymers with the unique structure A−D1−A−D2 can be prepared. This approach enables variations in the donor fragment substituents such that control over both the polymer regiochemistry and solubility is possible. This control results in improved intermolecular π-stacking interactions and therefore enhanced charge-carrier mobility. Solar cells using the A−D1−A−D2 structural polymer show shortcircuit current densities that are twice that of the simple, random analogue while still maintaining an identical open-circuit voltage. The key finding of this work is that polymers with an A−D1−A−D2 structure offer significant performance benefits over both regioregular and random A−D polymers. The chemical synthesis approach that enables the preparation of A−D1−A−D2 polymers therefore represents a promising new route to materials for high-efficiency organic photovoltaic devices.

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“…O f the options for renewable energy, photovoltaic techno logies [1][2][3] with the potential to exceed the ShockleyQueisser limit 4 on single bandgap devices are particularly attractive [5][6][7][8] . One strategy is to sensitize a low bandgap semicon ductor with a higher bandgap material that can generate additional photocurrent from absorbed high energy photons 6,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

In situ measurement of exciton energy in hybrid singlet-fission solar cells

et al. 2012

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singlet exciton fission-sensitized solar cells have the potential to exceed the shockley-Queisser limit by generating additional photocurrent from high-energy photons. Pentacene is an organic semiconductor that undergoes efficient singlet fission-the conversion of singlet excitons into pairs of triplets. However, the pentacene triplet is non-emissive, and uncertainty regarding its energy has hindered device design. Here we present an in situ measurement of the pentacene triplet energy by fabricating a series of bilayer solar cells with infrared-absorbing nanocrystals of varying bandgaps. We show that the pentacene triplet energy is at least 0.85 eV and at most 1.00 eV in operating devices. our devices generate photocurrent from triplets, and achieve external quantum efficiencies up to 80%, and power conversion efficiencies of 4.7%. This establishes the general use of nanocrystal size series to measure the energy of non-emissive excited states, and suggests that fission-sensitized solar cells are a favourable candidate for third-generation photovoltaics.

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Polymer solar cells

Cited by 4,103 publications

References 112 publications

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Transition metal oxides as hole-selective contacts in silicon heterojunctions solar cells

Tailored Donor–Acceptor Polymers with an A–D1–A–D2 Structure: Controlling Intermolecular Interactions to Enable Enhanced Polymer Photovoltaic Devices

In situ measurement of exciton energy in hybrid singlet-fission solar cells

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