Polymer planar Bragg grating sensor for static strain measurements

Rosenberger, M.; Koller, Georg; Belle, Stefan; Schmauß, Bernhard; Hellmann, Ralf

doi:10.1364/ol.38.000772

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Multiple studies revealed that polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings show a very sensitive behavior towards tensile strain as well as a low hysteresis if properly mounted [ 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, it has been shown by the authors that contrary to fiber-based Bragg grating sensors the application of polymer planar Bragg gratings (PPBG) is not restricted to measure tensile but also compressive strain without any further modification [ 22 – 24 ]. However, as yet only the properties of PPBG related to strain alongside the optical waveguide including the grating have been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings

Rosenberger

Eisenbeil

Schmauß

et al. 2015

Sensors

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We demonstrate the application of polymer planar Bragg gratings for multi-axial strain sensing and particularly highlight simultaneous 2D strain measurement. A polymer planar Bragg grating (PPBG) fabricated with a single writing step in bulk polymethylmethacrylate is used for measuring both tensile and compressive strain at various angles. It is shown that the sensitivity of the PPBG strongly depends on the angle between the optical waveguide into which the grating is inscribed and the direction along which the mechanical load is applied. Additionally, a 2D PPBG fabricated by writing two Bragg gratings angularly displaced from each other into a single polymer platelet is bonded to a stainless steel plate. The two reflected wavelengths exhibit different sensitivities while tested toward tensile and compressive strain. These characteristics make 2D PPBG suitable for measuring multi-axial tensile and compressive strain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings

Rosenberger

Eisenbeil

Schmauß

et al. 2015

Sensors

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“…Using illumination masks or interference effects, integrated optical elements such as waveguides or gratings may be generated [ 25,26 ] and can be, mainly but not solely, used in sensor applications. [ 27,28 ] While these processes are associated with a high performance, they have a limited freedom of design, are generally restricted to the substrate's surface and the shape of the induced refractive index modification is elaborate to control. By using ultrashort laser pulses instead of UV illumination, there are various reports on refractive index shifts in both positive [ 29–31 ] and negative [ 32–34 ] direction in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) depending on the applied processing conditions, for example, laser pulse repetition rate and laser wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Roth

Kefer

Hessler

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Femtosecond laser‐based fabrication of integrated photonic crystal waveguides inside of a transparent polymer is reported. In general, the fabrication of waveguides based on femtosecond laser‐induced positive refractive index modifications is feasible. However, in transparent polymers their performance is limited since only minor refractive index changes can be achieved with this technique. These restrictions can be circumvented by generating hexagonal “photonic lattice like” waveguides, which consist of negative refractive index modifications in the cladding, enabling light confinement in the unirradiated core. A comprehensive study on the fabrication of this new class of polymer waveguide is performed as well as a characterization of its numerical aperture, mode field diameter, and attenuation. In addition, integration of Bragg gratings based on positive and negative refractive index modulations within the waveguide's core is studied. Moreover, we highlight that polymer photonic crystal waveguides are compatible with common femtosecond laser‐based internal structuring processes, enabling the creation of monolithic optofluidic devices, which is demonstrated by the fabrication of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer.

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“…The purpose of this report is to review one field of planar Bragg grating development that uses direct UV writing (DUW) in the fabrication of sensor components. The DUW sensors reviewed in this paper (illustrated in figure 1, as a lab-based prototype (left) and a commercialised packaged sensor (right) [9]) are based within the industry standard silica-on-silicon platform, although recent work has seen the demonstration of an all UV written planar Bragg grating device in polymer (PMMA) for measuring static strain [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct UV-written planar Bragg grating sensors

Holmes

Gates

Carpenter

et al. 2015

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Integrated photonics is a proven platform for physical and chemical sensing. It offers miniaturised solutions that are suited for use in extreme environments, including strong EM-fields, EM-pulses and contact with flammable materials, often far exceeding electronic sensors in this regard. This review looks into direct UV-written planar Bragg grating technology and its application to integrated photonic sensors. The platform has been demonstrated widely for measurement of physical properties such as temperature, pressure and strain. In addition, by using an evanescent interaction, refractive index can be measured allowing for chemical and biochemical detection. Further to this, the platform has recently been utilised in quantum information processing, where quantum gate operations and single photon detection has been shown.

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Polymer planar Bragg grating sensor for static strain measurements

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings

Simultaneous 2D Strain Sensing Using Polymer Planar Bragg Gratings

Polymer Photonic Crystal Waveguides Generated by Femtosecond Laser

Direct UV-written planar Bragg grating sensors

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