Polymer-Decorated Cellulose Nanocrystals as Environmentally Friendly Additives for Olefin-Based Drilling Fluids

Abstract

In this study, we intended to evaluate the performance of olefin-based drilling fluids after addition of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) derivatives. For this purpose, firstly, cellulose nanocrystals, produced from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cotton fibers, were functionalized with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains via free radicals. The samples were then characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confocal microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements in water. The FTIR and NMR spectra exhibited the characteristic signals of CNC and PNIPAM groups, indicating successful grafting. As expected, X-ray diffractograms showed that the crystallinity of CNCs reduces after chemical modification. TGA revealed that the surface-functionalized CNCs present higher thermal stability than pure CNCs. The confocal microscopy, zeta potential, and DLS results were consistent with the behavior of cellulose nanocrystals decorated by a shell of PNIPAM chains. The fluids with a small amount of modified CNCs presented a much lower volume of filtrate after high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) filtration tests than the corresponding standard fluid, indicating the applicability of the environmentally friendly particles for olefin-based drilling fluids.

A Trajetória De Joaquim Monteiro Caminhoá: Um Botânico No Império Do Brasil (1858-1896)

“…Ao aumentar a temperatura, a decomposição ocorre como um processo caracterizado pela despolimerização da cadeia, desidratação e decomposição das ligações glicosídicas em duas faixas de temperatura diferentes (MIRANDA 2015, SILVA 2019 Comportamento similar foi relatado por Miranda et al (2015), para nanocristais de celulose (extraído de fibra de piaçava -Attalea funifera), com três eventos térmicos, o primeiro relacionado a perda de umidade (T onset = 32 ºC), segundo atribuído à degradação dos cristais mais acessíveis (T onset = 197 °C), e o terceiro dos cristais menos acessíveis (T onset = 294°C). Pinheiro et al (2021) relatou para nanoparticulas de celulose (extraídas de fibra de algodão), estabilidade térmica de T onset = 262 °C, e degradação relacionada a despolimerização entre 308 -410 °C. Na produção de nanoparticulas a partir da medula do caule de milho, Gu et al (2020) relatou estabilidade térmica de T onset = 260 °C, e degradação em único processo de pirólise entre 260 -380ºC.…”

Nano-laponite/polymer composite as filtration reducer on water-based drilling fluid and mechanism study

“…Nanomaterials have become a popular research topic in recent years because they have high activity, strong rigidity and good thermal stability. Studies showed that nanomaterials in the synthesis of filtrate reducers could improve their high temperature and salt resistances [ 29 – 32 ]. Wang et al .…”

“…Open Sci. 9: 220385 reducers could improve their high temperature and salt resistances [29][30][31][32]. Wang et al [33] prepared a nanocellulose filtrate reducer that reduced the filtration of 25.0 wt% brine-based mud to 18.6 ml after hot rolling at 180°C with the dosage of 2.0 wt%.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Filtration Properties of Ecofriendly Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Leaves Extract

“…The drilling industry has been revolutionized by the modifications of additives in drilling fluids to meet specific downhole and environmental requirements, as well as tunable rheological properties. Drilling fluids or drilling muds are classified into WBDF, oil-based drilling fluids (OBDF), and synthetic-based drilling fluids (SBDF) [ 11 ]. During the drilling process, mud circulation is one of the most critical systems of rotary drilling that is formulated to perform a wide range of functions, such as monitoring subsurface pressures, cleaning the wellbore, stabilizing exposed rock, providing buoyancy, cooling, and lubrication [ 12 ].…”

“…Chemicals such as acids, polymers, and fibres are commonly added to drilling fluids to manipulate their functions and properties [ 19 ]. In general, the literature highlights the primary targets of these chemical additives, which are enhancing wellbore stability, improving wellbore cleaning, reducing fluid loss, and enhancing the rheological properties of the drilling fluids [ 11 , 19 , 20 ]. However, their application is limited due to environmental damage and high cost.…”