Recently, value-added nanomaterials including nanoparticles or nanofluids have been significantly used in designing drilling fluids with tunable rheological properties to meet specific downhole and environmental requirements. In this work, we report novel water-based drilling fluids (WBDF) containing eco-friendly Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) prepared by using olive leaves extract (OLE) as a reducing and capping agent. A series of economical and excellent performance of WBDF was obtained by introducing low, medium, and high concentrations of Fe3O4-NPs into the conventional WBDF. The synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs was accomplished through the thermal decomposition of iron precursors in an organic medium. NPs were added to the based fluid at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 wt%. Emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), field- and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were used for Fe3O4-NPs analysis. Compared to the conventional WBDF, the addition of Fe3O4-NPs as an additive in the based fluids has been investigated to help increasing viscosity and yield point, which is advantageous for hole cleaning, as well as decreasing fluid loss and mud cake thickness.
Fe3O4-C nanostructured composites were used for the fabrication of thin films as active layers in resistive chemical sensors. Nearly spherical and like-sheet porous structures were obtained via green method using olive leaf extract (OLE) followed by thermal process at 300°C and 550°C, respectively, for high-performance gas sensing applications. The prepared sensors were measured with various concentrations of toxic gases such as acetone (C3H6O), ethanol (C2H5OH), and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different operating temperatures. The gas sensing results illustrated that the porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite exhibited high response of 15.71, 225.35 and 3141.66 toward 20, 100 and 1000 ppm of acetone gas at 300°C. The sensor based on porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite also indicated fast response and recovery time as well as higher response to acetone compared to ethanol and CO2 gases. The better gas-sensing properties of the porous nanostructures can be attributed to the higher surface area of porous compared with the nearly spherical structure which is confirmed using BET analysis. The gas sensing performance of porous Fe3O4-C nanocomposite reveals that it can be a good sensing material for the fabrication of acetone gas sensors.
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