Polymer‐Based Batteries—Flexible and Thin Energy Storage Systems

Hager, Martin D.; Esser, Birgit; Feng, Xinliang; Schuhmann, Wolfgang; Théato, Patrick; Schubert, Ulrich S.

doi:10.1002/adma.202000587

Cited by 108 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The average specific capacity of poly-[NiAmben] calculated by substituting the value of n = 1.6 into Equation (2) is 136 mAh g −1 , which is higher than previously found for poly-[NiSalen] and other polymeric nickel(II) complexes of N 2 O 2 Schiff base ligands [ 13 ] and is either on par or exceeding the values of C mAh for many other redox active polymers reported as perspective materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, e.g., rechargeable batteries [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nickel(II) Complex of N4 Schiff Base Ligand as a Building Block for a Conducting Metallopolymer with Multiple Redox States

2021

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Metal–ligand interactions in monomeric and polymeric transition metal complexes of Schiff base ligands largely define their functional properties and perspective applications. In this study, redox behavior of a nickel(II) N4-anilinosalen complex, [NiAmben] (where H2Amben = N,N′-bis(o-aminobenzylidene)ethylenediamine) was studied by cyclic voltammetry in solvents of different Lewis basicity. A poly-[NiAmben] film electrochemically synthesized from a 1,2-dichloroethane-based electrolyte was investigated by a combination of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, in situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry, and in situ conductance measurements between −0.9 and 1.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The polymer displayed multistep redox processes involving reversible transfer of the total of ca. 1.6 electrons per repeat unit, electrical conductivity over a wide potential range, and multiple color changes in correlation with electrochemical processes. Performance advantages of poly-[NiAmben] over its nickel(II) N2O2 Schiff base analogue were identified and related to the increased number of accessible redox states in the polymer due to the higher extent of electronic communication between metal ions and ligand segments in the nickel(II) N4-anilinosalen system. The obtained results suggest that electrosynthesized poly-[NiAmben] films may be viable candidates for energy storage and saving applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nickel(II) Complex of N4 Schiff Base Ligand as a Building Block for a Conducting Metallopolymer with Multiple Redox States

2021

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“…After absorbing electrolyte, the all‐in‐one supercapacitor was achieved, and it demonstrated good compressibility and stable electrochemical performance under compression (Figure 10b‐d). In addition, some redox‐active conducting polymers ( e. g ., PANi, Ppy, PEDOT) [55] and organic dye molecules [56] are widely studied recently for flexible energy devices, that they can be fabricated into free‐standing films for flexible electrodes.…”

Section: Polymer‐based Flexible Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Flexible Electrode Materials/Substrates for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage/Conversion Devices

et al. 2021

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The rise of portable and wearable electronics has largely stimulated the development of flexible energy storage and conversion devices. As one of the essential parts, the electrode plays critical role in determining the device performance, which required to be highly flexible, light‐weight, and conformable for flexible and wearable applications. However, it remains a formidable challenge in the design of appropriate flexible electrodes. Thus, considerable effort has been making to develop various flexible materials/substrates to fabricate flexible energy devices. Here, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey on the recently developed free‐standing and flexible electrode materials/substrates for flexible electrochemical energy storage devices, which are categorized into four different types including metal‐based, carbon‐based, polymer‐based, and micro‐patterned flexible electrodes. The specific characteristics, fabrication methods, properties, and pros and cons of each type of materials are thoroughly analysed. Furthermore, challenges and future directions for designing flexible electrode materials are also discussed.

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“…Among the different categories of organic active-materials (small molecules, supramolecular assemblies, cross-linked networks, etc. ), redox-active polymers (RAPs) are one of the most versatile organic electrode materials (OEMs) because of synthetic flexibility, composition tunability, controllability of topology, etc., to name just a few [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Though the techniques of integration of redox functionalities into a polymer backbone have become standard tools to impart an enhanced chemical, dimensional and mechanical stability to the redox units, the benefits of macromolecular engineering were scarcely exploited to its full potential and most of the RAPs were presented in their simplest form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Engineering of Poly(catechol) Cathodes towards High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Polymer Batteries

2021

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Aqueous zinc-polymer batteries (AZPBs) comprising abundant Zn metal anode and redox-active polymer (RAP) cathodes can be a promising solution for accomplishing viable, safe and sustainable energy storage systems. Though a limited number of RAPs have been successfully applied as organic cathodes in AZPBs, their macromolecular engineering towards improving electrochemical performance is rarely considered. In this study, we systematically compare performance of AZPB comprising Zn metal anode and either poly(catechol) homopolymer (named P(4VC)) or poly(catechol) copolymer (named P(4VC86-stat-SS14)) as polymer cathodes. Sulfonate anionic pendants in copolymer not only rendered lower activation energy and higher rate constant, but also conferred lower charge-transfer resistance, as well as facilitated Zn2+ mobility and less diffusion-controlled current responses compared to its homopolymer analogue. Consequently, the Zn||P(4VC86-stat-SS14) full-cell exhibits enhanced gravimetric (180 versus 120 mAh g−1 at 30 mg cm−2) and areal capacity (5.4 versus 3.6 mAh cm−2 at 30 mg cm−2) values, as well as superior rate capability both at room temperature (149 versus 105 mAh g−1 at 150 C) and at −35 °C (101 versus 35 mAh g−1 at 30 C) compared to Zn||P(4VC)100. This overall improved performance for Zn||P(4VC86-stat-SS14) is highly encouraging from the perspective applying macromolecular engineering strategies and paves the way for the design of advanced high-performance metal-organic batteries.

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Polymer‐Based Batteries—Flexible and Thin Energy Storage Systems

Cited by 108 publications

References 93 publications

Nickel(II) Complex of N4 Schiff Base Ligand as a Building Block for a Conducting Metallopolymer with Multiple Redox States

Nickel(II) Complex of N4 Schiff Base Ligand as a Building Block for a Conducting Metallopolymer with Multiple Redox States

An Overview of Flexible Electrode Materials/Substrates for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage/Conversion Devices

Macromolecular Engineering of Poly(catechol) Cathodes towards High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Polymer Batteries

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