Polymer-assisted synthesis and applications of hydroxyapatite (HAp) anchored nitrogen-doped 3D graphene foam-based nanostructured ceramic framework

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite anchored nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene (HAp-N3DG) skeletal network (foam) based nanostructured ceramic framework (CF) was developed through a polymer-assisted solvothermal route.

Current status and prospects of metal–organic frameworks for bone therapy and bone repair

“…Among many bone materials, non-degradable materials such as metals have excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, but they need to be removed by a second operation because they are non-degradable. 29 Although biodegradable polymers can overcome these problems, they have other limitations such as low mechanical strength and production of acid on degradation. [29][30][31] Therefore, still mainly clinics and hospitals use non-biodegradable metal implants as the main bone material, 26 which are costly and also lead to immense pain to the patients.…”

“…29 Although biodegradable polymers can overcome these problems, they have other limitations such as low mechanical strength and production of acid on degradation. [29][30][31] Therefore, still mainly clinics and hospitals use non-biodegradable metal implants as the main bone material, 26 which are costly and also lead to immense pain to the patients. 29 Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of crystalline porous organic polymers, have also been studied to develop bone materials, but they have limited practical clinical applications.…”

“…[29][30][31] Therefore, still mainly clinics and hospitals use non-biodegradable metal implants as the main bone material, 26 which are costly and also lead to immense pain to the patients. 29 Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of crystalline porous organic polymers, have also been studied to develop bone materials, but they have limited practical clinical applications. 37 Thin-film coatings are widely used as bone substitutes due to their superior biocompatibility and mechanical properties, but there are still some drawbacks, such as the robustness of HA coatings to withstand physiological loads and limited compatibility of HA particles with titanium.…”

Preparation and characterization of adsorbents

“…The N1s deconvolution of the composite after BB7 uptake in the single system showed peaks at 399.3 and 400.7 eV, and in the presence of MO (simultaneous removal) the peaks appeared at 399.3 and 400.8 eV. These peaks were attributed to amine (N-H/N-(C)3) and quaternary nitrogen (Manoj et al, 2020), respectively, confirming the adsorption of nitrogen-containing dye (Kumari et al, 2020;Motejadded Emrooz et al, 2020;Mu et al, 2017). The N 1s deconvolution of BB7 dye alone showed a peak at 399.7 eV and in MO dye alone a peak was observed at 399.0 eV.…”