Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films as Substrates for Photoreceptor Cells

Abstract

Reconstruction of extracellular matrix substrates for delivery of functional photoreceptors is crucial in pathologies like retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we assembled polyelectrolyte films using the layer-by-layer deposition method. The

Multiple Functionalities of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: New Biomedical Applications

“…Cortical neurons and hippocampal neurons were sensitive to a different surface chemistry. Similarly, Tezcaner et al [33] showed that photoreceptor cells exhibit good viability on PLL/HA and PLL/CSA films. Shen and co-workers [165] also reported that cartilage-mimetic PEM films made of COL and CSA have a beneficial effect on cell attachment, proliferation, and also on glycosaminoglycan secretion.…”

“…Initially, this type of growth was mostly observed in films based on polyaminoacids and polysaccharides, [31][32][33] before being found to be much more commonly encountered. Either film roughness [34] or polyelectrolyte diffusion in and out of the film [9] were found to be at the origin of this growth (see Section 3.4), this latter mechanism being more and more recognized as being a key feature in film growth, even for films made of synthetic polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylic acid (PAA).…”

“…PEM made of ECM proteins such as COL [164,165] or gelatine (GEL) [166] and of glycoaminoglycans such as HA, [30] CS, [33,167] and HEP [168,169] have been reported. Other polysaccharides, which are not present in the human body but can be found in algae, crustacean shells, or fungi, are also used.…”

Polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte multilayers

“…Plant derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose [18], pectin [19] and its derivatives polygalacturinic acid and furcelan [20] have been successfully used. Animal-derived polysaccharides such as HA [21], CS [22], HEP [23] and mucin [24] are also increasingly investigated for their ability to form PEM films with specific properties. The choice of a polycationic polysaccharide is very limited.…”

Electrochemically Stimulated Release from Liposomes Embedded in a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer

“…[ 13-16, 27,28 ] One explanation for the adsorption of intact vesicles could be that the negative charges of the lipids are compensated upon adsorption, possibly by diffusion of the polycation PLL from the uPEM to cover the entire liposome membrane. Tezcaner et al [ 33 ] have shown that the PEM couple PLL/PSS grows exponentially. Such exponentially growing multilayers were fi rst described by Elbert et al [ 34 ] and then further investigated on the polyelectrolyte couple (PLL/HA).…”