Polydopamine-Induced Tooth Remineralization

Abstract

Inspired by mussel bioadhesion in nature, dopamine is extensively used for biomaterial surface modification. In this study, we coated dopamine on demineralized enamel and dentin surfaces to evaluate the effect of polydopamine coating on dental remineralization. Dental slices containing enamel and dentin were first etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 2 min, followed by immersion in a 2 mg/mL freshly prepared solution of dopamine (10 mM Tris buffer, pH 8.5) for approximately 24 h at room temperature in the dark to obtain polydopamine coating. Then, the dental slices with and without polydopamine coating were immersed in the supersaturated solution of calcium and phosphate at 37 °C for 2 and 7 days. The supersaturated solution of calcium and phosphate was refreshed each day. The precipitates were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, microhardness, and nanoscratch analyses. No significant difference was observed in the remineralization of enamel whether it was coated with polydopamine or not. However, a significant difference was found in dentin remineralization between dentin with and without polydopamine coating. Polydopamine coating remarkably promoted demineralized dentin remineralization, and all dentin tubules were occluded by densely packed hydroxyapatite crystals. Thus, coating polydopamine on dental tissue surface may be a simple universal technique to induce enamel and dentin remineralization simultaneously.

Materials from Mussel-Inspired Chemistry for Cell and Tissue Engineering Applications

“…145 In a study by Zhou et al, dental slices containing both enamel and dentin were coated with polydopamine and immersed in a supersaturated solution of calcium and phosphate for several days. 151 Characterization of surface properties using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Xray powder diffraction (XRD) revealed that the polydopamine coating greatly enhanced dentin mineralization despite no observed differences in enamel mineralization. These results suggest that polydopamine can bind to the collagen matrix and thus provide a new nucleation site for mineral deposition of dentin.…”

Biomimetic mineralization of collagen fibrils induced by amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers – PAMAM dendrimers for remineralization

“…[35] In recent years, various biomaterials have been employed for remineralizing demineralized dentin such as fluoride, bioactive glasses, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-releasing resins, and dopamine. [36][37][38][39][40] However, all of the above are only suitable for remineralizing partially demineralized dentin, which relies on the epitaxial deposition of calcium and phosphate ions over remnant crystallites. [41] In some clinical situations, such as the hybrid layers that are created by etch-and-rinse adhesive systems and in the superficial portion of caries-affected dentin lesions that are left behind after minimally invasive caries removal, dentin is completely demineralized.…”

Rapidly-Deposited Polydopamine Coating via High Temperature and Vigorous Stirring: Formation, Characterization and Biofunctional Evaluation

“…Polydopamine possesses covalent and non-covalent bonding capabilities for a broad range of organic, inorganic and metallic substrates [2], harboring potential applications in the challenging field of antibacterial [3], antifungal [4], antifouling [5], [6], drug delivery vehicle [7], biosensor [8], cell culture [9], tissue engineering [10]–[12] and so on. However, to author's knowledge, dopamine solution is usually polymerized for at least several hours prior to surface modification/deposition.…”

“…Currently, there are three major dopamine polymerization processes: static, shake, and stir. With regard to the static method, substrates are submerged in dopamine solution for 16 h [10], 18 h [3], overnight [21], [22] or 24 h [12] at room temperature. In shake method, dopamine solutions are shaken to achieve uniform PDA film on the substrate at quite different reaction temperature and time (such as 1 h at ambient temperature [23], 24 h at ambient temperature [24] and 8 h at 30°C [25]).…”