Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in New Jersey: A comparison of winter and summer concentrations over a two-year period

Greenberg, Arthur; Darack, F.; Harkov, Ronald; Lioy, Paul J.; Daisey, Joan M.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(85)90263-x

Cited by 79 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A seasonal increase in this ratio has been also reported elsewhere (Greenberg et al, 1985 ), while similar summer values were observed for ambient levels in cities of northern Greece ( Papageorgopoulou et al, 1999 ), and even higher values have been reported for Stockholm (Colomsjo et al, 1986 ) and Toronto (Katz et al, 1978 ) . The increase of BPer /B [ a] P ratios (which are believed to reflect the contribution of gasoline exhaust ) during the summer could be attributed to the contribution during winter to the PAH emission profile of dieselpowered central heating ( Moller and Afheim, 1980 ).…”

Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidasupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For example, because the BPer content of gasoline exhaust gases is relatively high, it has been suggested that the BPer /B [ a] P ratio may reflect the contribution of gasoline -driven vehicles to atmospheric PAH pollution ( Daisey et al, 1986) . This ratio has been reported to have values above 2.5 in traffic tunnels ( Handa et al, 1980;Kebbekus et al, 1983 ) and in areas with heavy traffic ( Greenberg et al, 1985;Valerio et al, 1992;Brown et al, 1996;Nielsen et al, 1996 ), while a ratio of 4.0 has been reported for automobile exhaust fumes (Grimmer, 1977 ). The BPer /B [ a] P ratio was found to vary significantly between the centre of Copenhagen, suburban, and rural areas, with the centre of the city exhibiting the highest, and rural areas the lowest values (Nielsen et al, 1996 ) .…”

Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidamentioning

confidence: 94%

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Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In the context of a large -scale molecular epidemiology study of biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution, 24 -h mean personal exposures to airborne PM 2.5 ( particulate matter < 2.5 m ) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAHs ) were measured in 194 non -smoking technical institute students living in the city of Athens, Greece ( an area with moderately high levels of air pollution ) and the nearby small town of Halkida anticipated to have lower pollution levels. Extensive information relevant to the assessment of long -term and recent exposure to PAH was obtained from questionnaires as well as a time ± location ± activity diary ( TLAD ) which was kept by all subjects during a 4 -day observation period. During the last 24 h of this period, subjects underwent personal exposure monitoring for PM 2.5 and PAH, while a sample of blood was donated at the end of this period. All subjects were monitored in this way twice; once during a winter season ( October ± February ) and once during the following summer season ( June ± September ) . Nine subjects with plasma cotinine levels above 20 ng / ml were considered as unreported smokers and excluded from the study. Winter PM 2.5 exposures were lower in Athens ( geometric mean 39.7 g / m 3 ) than Halkida ( geometric mean 56.2 g / m 3 ) (P < 0.001 ) , while there was no significant location difference during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 32.3 g / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 32.9 g / m 3 ; P= 0.79 ) . On the other hand, PAH exposures ( sum of the eight carcinogenic PAHs ) were significantly higher in Athens than in Halkida during the winter ( Athens: geometric mean 8.26 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 5.80 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) as well as during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 4.44 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 1.48 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) . There was a significant difference in the profile of the PAH exposures at the two locations, the proportion of lighter PAH ( benzo This difference appeared to be related to individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , as indicated by ( a ) the correlation at the individual level between the CHRYS / BPer ratio and declared time of recent exposure to ETS as well as plasma cotinine levels, especially during the winter; ( b ) the parallel variation of the mean levels of all three markers ( declared ETS exposure, cotinine levels, CHRYS / BPer ratio ) among three subgroups of subjects ( Athens subjects who had lowest levels of all three markers; Halkida subjects other than those living in the institute campus area; and Halkida subjects living in the institute campus area who had the highest levels of all three markers ) . This demonstrates that ETS can have a distinctive effect on the PAH exposure profile of subjects exposed to relatively low levels of urban air pollution.

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Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidasupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidamentioning

confidence: 94%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…14 Average concentrations of PAH were similar for the daytime and nighttime periods and were similar to those measured in the U.S. cities during wintertime but higher than those reported for summertime. 10 - 13 Levels of PAH in both Rio and U.S. cities were an order of magnitude lower than those reported for Beijing, China.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The ratio of Cl~/Na + was always less than the 1.8 expected for sea salt aerosol. 12 The geometric mean concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are compared in Table III with PAH concentrations measured in IPM samples collected in Elizabeth and Camden, N.J. 13 and in TSP samples 16 for a number of other U.S. cities were also lower than that measured in Rio. The average IPM concentration in Rio was lower than that reported for Denver in winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Overview of the Rio de Janeiro Aerosol Characterization Study

Daisey

Miguel

Andrade

et al. 1987

JAPCA

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“…This assumption can be supported by the high δB[g,h,i]P/δB[e] P ratio of 1.52 coupled with high B[g,h,i]P-Site-1 /B[g,h,i] P-Site-3 ratio of 1.79. Moreover, several studies supported the assumption that the majority of particulate B[g,h,i] P is related to traffic emissions (Greenberg et al, 1985;Lodovici et al, 2003;Kalaiarasan et al, 2009). In order to estimate the influence of vehicular emissions on level of PAH contents at both sampling sites, calculations were performed using Method 1 and Method 2 as described below.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Traffic Contribution On Pahs Level At High Altmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Buildings of Bangkok, Thailand

Pongpiachan¹

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in New Jersey: A comparison of winter and summer concentrations over a two-year period

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

An Overview of the Rio de Janeiro Aerosol Characterization Study

Vertical Distribution and Potential Risk of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Buildings of Bangkok, Thailand

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