Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report)

Abstract

Eight persons from five institutions in different countries carried out polymerizations of aniline following the same preparation protocol. In a "standard" procedure, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient temperature. The yield of polyaniline was higher than 90 % in all cases. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline hydrochloride thus prepared was 4.4 ± 1.7 S cm-1 (average of 59 samples), measured at room temperature. A product with defined electrical properties could be obtained in various laboratories by following the same synthetic procedure. The influence of reduced reaction temperature and increased acidity of the polymerization medium on polyaniline conductivity were also addressed. The conductivity changes occurring during the storage of polyaniline were monitored. The density of polyaniline hydrochloride was 1.329 g cm-3. The average conductivity of corresponding polyaniline bases was 1.4 x10­8 S cm-1, the density being 1.245 g cm-1. Additional changes in the conductivity take place during storage. Aging is more pronounced in powders than in compressed samples. As far as aging effects are concerned, their assessment is relative. The observed reduction in the conductivity by ~10 % after more than one-year storage is large but, compared with the low conductivity of corresponding polyaniline (PANI) base, such a change is negligible. For most applications, an acceptable level of conductivity may be maintained throughout the expected lifetime.

Synthesis and characterization of some new ruthenium (II) complexes as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells

“…C-PANI was prepared according to previously published work [16][17][18][19][20]. Accurately, 0.5gm of aniline-HCl was dissolved in 15ml of distilled water(solution A) and 1.5gm of ammonium persulphate was dissolved in 15ml of distil-water (solution B), the two solutions A and B were stirred for 1h and then solution B was added to solution A drop wise and stirred for 1h, then the solution is kept to complete polymerization.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Nanoparticle by Inverse Micelle Microemulsion Method

“…In our ongoing research finding non-metallic material catalyst for alpha-pinene oxidation [14][15][16] into more valuable chemicals, it turned up on polyaniline nanoparticle (PANI-NP) as prospectus catalyst. Polyaniline (PANI) consists of a long chain of benzenoid ring series and quinoid ring [17,18] and gives moderate conductivity [19][20][21] about 200 s/cm with hydrochloric acid as dopant [22].…”

Cu(II) ions removal from aqueous solution by synthesized Phragmites australis/emeraldine base biocomposite

“…The deprotonated nonconducting emeraldine base has more free electron pairs in its structure in comparison with protonated conducting emeraldine salt, which contribute to its better complexation ability. [17][18][19] The combination of these polymeric compounds with different sorbents leads to increasing of the wastewater treatment efficiency, which is due to the enlarged surface area and the greater electron donor capacity. 20,21 Recently the scientists are focused their attention on the synthesis of biocomposites, which are consisted of residual vegetation and polymeric substances.…”