Polyaniline Fibers, Films, and Powders: X-ray Studies of Crystallinity and Stress-Induced Preferred Orientation

Fischer, Jerome; Zhu, Qianke; Tang, Xue-song; Scherr, E. M.; MacDiarmid, A. G.; Cajipe, V.B.

doi:10.1021/ma00096a036

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…MacDiarmid and his co-workers studied the microcrystalline form of PANI and proposed a crystal structure. [10] To obtain oriented polymer chains, the polymer molecules could be grown inside the structurally organized hosts such as 3D hosts with large oriented tunnels and 2D hosts with interlayer space. Recently, it has been reported that PANI could be inserted in layered materials such as V 2 O 5 , [11] MoO 3 , [12] phosphates, [13] chlorides, [14] oxychlorides, [15] and clays, [16] and mesoporous host MCM-41.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Yang

Hou

Feng

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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A detailed study on the intercalative polymerization of aniline within different layered inorganic acid hosts (HNb3O8, HTiNbO5, and HSr2Nb3O10) and the conformation and electrochemical properties of the resulting nanocomposites is presented. Two different mechanisms are proposed for the polymerization of monomers within the confined intralamella, initiated by chemical oxidants or microwave irradiation. The orientation of the aromatic rings and the extent of oxidation and protonation of the interlayered polyaniline (PANI) is closely related to the different layer properties. To emphasize the controlled structure–property relationship, the nanocomposites are modeled as “porous electrolytes” and analyzed by equivalent circuit, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge–discharge measurements. Compared with the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings are parallel with the inorganic slabs, the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings are perpendicular to the slabs demonstrate higher conductivity, electroactivity, and discharge capacity. In the latter, a good 2D channel for the insertion/desertion of ions was provided and simultaneously more ions could be reserved within a relatively wider space. A charge–discharge mechanism is suggested for the chemical reaction in the Li/PANI nanocomposite battery and is in good agreement with the experimental facts.

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Yang

Hou

Feng

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

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“…This allows the (002) reflection to be identified, as it appears as a separate reflection in the X-ray photograph. The (002) reflection was previously observed in the literature in the meridian scan of a drawn PANI film (L/L 0 ϭ 4.25) 24 but was not used for unit cell determination.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of fundamental molecular parameters of polyaniline films

Samuels

1999

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys.

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The effects of fabrication process and solvent on the structure of polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine base films and their intrinsic properties are examined. Freestanding films of PANI base fabricated from N,N′‐dimethyl propylene urea (DMPU) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions, by casting and spin‐coating procedures and subsequently drawn to different draw ratios, are examined. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the PANI films processed from DMPU solution have a noncrystalline structure, whereas the PANI films cast from NMP solution are partially crystalline. The crystal structure is in conformity with the orthorhombic unit cell (EB‐II) reported earlier. However, the c parameter of the unit cell was found to be slightly lower than the literature values. A near‐infrared waveguide technique was used to determine the three‐dimensional refractive indices of the processed and drawn PANI films. The anisotropies developed by the different fabrication and deformation procedures were compared and found to differ. Coupling birefringence and quantitative infrared dichroism measurements yields the intrinsic birefringence and transition moment angles of the infrared absorption bands of PANI. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3473–3487, 1999

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“…Nanocomposites based on PANI are of particular interest. These materials are currently being investigated for applications in organic batteries, biosensors, color displays, microelectronic devices, sensors, etc 6–9. PANI is a promising conductive polymer with interesting electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact chemical structure of PANI molecule is still fragmentarily known because of the amorphous or poor crystalline nature and the insolubility of PANI in common solvents. MacDiarmid and coworkers once studied the microcrystalline form of PANI and proposed a crystal structure 8. To obtain oriented polymer chains, the polymer molecules were forced to grow inside the structurally organized three‐dimensional hosts with large oriented tunnels and two‐dimensional ones with an interlayer space 10–17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and electrochemical studies of layered PANI/HNb₃O₈ nanocomposite

Yang

Liu

Hou

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Aniline monomers could be easily inserted into and polymerized within the interlayers of HNb 3 O 8 . The conformation and electrochemical properties of the resulting nanocomoposites were discussed in detail. Two different mechanisms were proposed for the polymerization of monomers within the confined interlayers initiated by chemical oxidants and microwave irradiation, respectively. The analyses of thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric analyses, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the aromatic rings of the interlayered polyaniline (PANI) could be parallel with or perpendicular to the inorganic slabs, and the interlayered PANI molecules were emeraldine salt and protonated by the protons of layered inorganic acid host. The cyclic voltammetry revealed that the properties of the layered host and the interlayer height have an effect on the redox behavior of the corresponding nanocomposites. Compared with the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings were parallel with the inorganic slabs, the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings were perpendicular to the slabs demonstrated a higher conductivity and electrochemical activity.

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Polyaniline Fibers, Films, and Powders: X-ray Studies of Crystallinity and Stress-Induced Preferred Orientation

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Investigation of fundamental molecular parameters of polyaniline films

Preparation and electrochemical studies of layered PANI/HNb₃O₈ nanocomposite

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Polyaniline Fibers, Films, and Powders: X-ray Studies of Crystallinity and Stress-Induced Preferred Orientation

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies

Investigation of fundamental molecular parameters of polyaniline films

Preparation and electrochemical studies of layered PANI/HNb3O8 nanocomposite

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Preparation and electrochemical studies of layered PANI/HNb₃O₈ nanocomposite