Investigation of fundamental molecular parameters of polyaniline films

Abstract

The effects of fabrication process and solvent on the structure of polyaniline (PANI) emeraldine base films and their intrinsic properties are examined. Freestanding films of PANI base fabricated from N,N′‐dimethyl propylene urea (DMPU) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions, by casting and spin‐coating procedures and subsequently drawn to different draw ratios, are examined. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the PANI films processed from DMPU solution have a noncrystalline structure, whereas the PANI films cast from NMP solution are partially crystalline. The crystal structure is in conformity with the orthorhombic unit cell (EB‐II) reported earlier. However, the c parameter of the unit cell was found to be slightly lower than the literature values. A near‐infrared waveguide technique was used to determine the three‐dimensional refractive indices of the processed and drawn PANI films. The anisotropies developed by the different fabrication and deformation procedures were compared and found to differ. Coupling birefringence and quantitative infrared dichroism measurements yields the intrinsic birefringence and transition moment angles of the infrared absorption bands of PANI. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3473–3487, 1999

Study of the growth process of in situ polyaniline deposited films

“…Thin films of PAni have been used in lightemitting diodes [4,5], biosensors [6,7], photoelectric cells [8], battery electrodes [9], and anti-static coating [10]. Deposition of a thin layer of PAni on substrates can be performed using several techniques, namely casting or spin coating [11], layerby-layer technique (LbL) [12], Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique [13], electrochemical deposition [14], and in situ polymerization [15].…”

“…The simplest technique to prepare PAni films is spin-coating or casting from a PAni solution in solvents such as N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) [11]. Casting allows the fabrication of films with thickness of few micrometer but the thickness, roughness, and structural organization are not well controlled.…”

Polyaniline‐Intercalated FeOCl Cathode Material for Chloride‐Ion Batteries

“…TEM analysis (Figure ) was investigated to further illustrate the structure of the as‐prepared FeOCl and FeOCl‐Aniline‐6Days materials. It is evident from the HRTEM and the corresponding fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns (Figure b and 3 f) that the interlayer distance of FeOCl was expanded from 0.79 to 1.4 nm, corresponding to an interlayer expansion of about 0.6 nm, which is sufficient to accommodate PANI molecules according to its molecular size ,. This intercalation can create distinct distortion of lattices, as clearly shown by the results of the TEM, HRTEM and line scan profiles in Figure , indicating a refined grain size of FeOCl.…”

Effects of tungsten carbide on electrochemical properties and microstructural features of Al/Pb-PANI-WC composite inert anodes used in zinc electrowinning

“…On the other hand, PANI is a typical conducting polymer with organic conjugated structure, and its macroscopic conductivity is affected by conjugate degree and mutual stack mode of molecular chain (Ou and Samuels, 1999;Talaie and Romagnoli, 1996). PANI doped with inorganic acid possesses higher electrical conductivity owing that the extension of molecular chain structure leads to high conjugate degree and close chain packing those are favorable to the transmission of charge in the chain and between the chains (Javadi et al, 1998).…”