Poly(piperazinyl phosphamide): a novel highly-efficient charring agent for an EVA/APP intumescent flame retardant system

Dong, Liang-Ping; Deng, Cong; Li, Ruimin; Cao, Zhijie; Lin, Ling; Chen, Li; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1039/c6ra00164e

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In previous researches, many articles only mentioned to intumescent systems including 2 or 3 components . In this study, we experimented up to 4 components, and the flammability was evaluated by UL‐94 vertical test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of phosphorus‐based flame retardant (FR) depends upon not only the amount of the phosphorus element existing in the compound but also the ability to form the charred residue. Many researchers studied the flame retardancy of organophosphorus compounds derived from 4‐(hydroxy‐methyl)‐1‐oxido‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane for poly(butylene terephthalate), PP, and polyethylene and reported that these derivatives generate high‐residual char, and thus, the greater flame retardancy is achieved …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

2017

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Summary An intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was prepared by 2 ways. Firstly, bis(2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2,2,2]octane‐1‐oxa‐4‐hydroxymethyl) phosphonate methyl (bis‐PM) was synthesized and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. This carbonization agent was mixed with melamine (ME), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and pentaerythritol (PER) to constitute an IFR system. Secondly, an IFR system by reaction was prepared by reaction, and the presence of compositions in product was confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared. Both of systems enhanced the flammable retardation of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene (PP). Flammability and thermal behaviors of IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP were investigated by vertical burning test (UL‐94 V) and thermogravimetric analysis. Results indicated that the IFR systems performed excellent flame retardancy and antidripping ability for PP. At 30 wt% loading, the optimum flame retardant formulations that are bis‐PM/ME: 4/1, bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1, APP/ME/PER: 3/1/1, and bis‐PM/ME/PER/APP: 1.5/1.5/1/1 give UL‐94 V‐0 rating. However, V‐0 rating results were only obtained for EVA when systems contain bis‐PM/ME: 4/1 and bis‐PM/ME/PER: 3/1/1. The char yield from decomposition of the IFR‐EVA and IFR‐PP has effects on the flame retardancy and antidripping behaviors of EVA and PP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

2017

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“…4,5 During its long lifetime or applications in extreme surroundings, such as construction, shipbuilding, or in nuclear, automotive, or photovoltaic applications, 6 several service conditions (mainly the weathering exposures) are inevitable, including UV irradiation, temperature, and humidity, and sometimes even salt spray. Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) [11][12][13][14][15][16] and phosphoruscontaining flame retardants, such as aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi-Et), [17][18][19][20] aluminum hypophosphite, 21 aluminum phosphate, 22 and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) [23][24][25][26] have been proposed and utilized extensively, exhibiting good flame retardancy in EVAs. 6 Accordingly, it is important and necessary to investigate the long-term durability of cables exposed under different weathering conditions, as well as the deterioration of flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of the flame retardance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer cables: Comparing different flame retardants exposed to different weathering conditions

Tan

Wachtendorf

Klack

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Scientific publications addressing the durability of the flame retardance of cables during their long-term application are rare and our understanding lacks. Three commercial flame retardants, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi-Et), and intumescent flame retardant based on ammonium polyphosphate, applied in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) model cables, are investigated. Different artificial aging scenarios were applied: accelerated weathering (UV-irradiation/temperature/rain phases), humidity exposure (elevated temperature/humidity), and salt spray exposure. The deterioration of cables' surface and flame retardancy were monitored through imaging, color measurements, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cone calorimeter investigations. Significant degradation of the materials' surface occurred. The flame retardant EVA cables are most sensitive to humidity exposure; the cable with AlPi-Et is the most sensitive to the artificial aging scenarios. Nevertheless, substantial flame retardance persisted after being subjected for 2000 h, which indicates that the equivalent influence of natural exposure is limited for several years, but less so for long-term use.

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“…Intumescent flame retardants, one kind of halogen‐free flame retardants have been extensively used for enhancing the flame retardancy of polymers due to high efficiency and low toxicity . In general, the intumescent flame retardants contain the ternary components, called acid source, carbonization source and gas source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV‐cured epoxy materials

Zheng

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were loaded with pentaerythritol (PER). The as‐prepared composite (HNT‐P) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was subsequently added to the UV‐curable epoxy resins, giving a new flame‐resistant system. Loading of the hydrophilic PER into HNT can reduce the moisture absorption in the UV‐curable epoxy resins. The flame retardancy was evaluated by means of the cone calorimeter and limit oxygen index test. The results showed that the flame retardancy of the modified epoxy resin was greatly improved with an obvious decrease in both the heat release and smoke release. Moreover, it was revealed that HNT could catalyze the reaction of APP and PER, and the burning surface of the epoxy resin should be covered by the polyphosphoric‐HNT intumescent char layer. We have measured the moisture sorption and dynamic mechanical properties of the UV‐cured epoxy resins. As compared to the use of the simple mixture of PER and HNT, the use of the HNT‐P nearly kept the storage modulus at about 1809 Mpa and reduced the moisture absorption by 58.2 wt % at 40 °C. The results proved that the addition of the HNT‐P obtained lower moisture absorption and higher stability of the mechanical properties than adding the simple mixture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45045.

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Poly(piperazinyl phosphamide): a novel highly-efficient charring agent for an EVA/APP intumescent flame retardant system

Abstract: Poly(piperazinyl phosphamide) is a kind of novel charring agent, showing highly-efficient charring capacity and good interaction with another flame-retardant component APP in flame retarding EVA.

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

Effect of intumescent compositions on flammable properties of ethylene vinyl acetate and polypropylene

Durability of the flame retardance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer cables: Comparing different flame retardants exposed to different weathering conditions

Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV‐cured epoxy materials

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