Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid/Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffold Containing Chitosan Microspheres with Adrenomedullin Delivery for Modulation Activity of Osteoblasts and Vascular Endothelial Cells

Abstract

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a bioactive regulatory peptide that affects migration and proliferation of diverse cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and osteoblast-like cells. This study investigated the effects of sustained release of ADM on the modulation activity of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Chitosan microspheres (CMs) were developed for ADM delivery. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and nano-hydroxyapatite were used to prepare scaffolds containing microspheres with ADM. The CMs showed rough surface morphology and high porosity, and they were well-distributed. The scaffolds exhibited relatively uniform pore sizes with interconnected pores. The addition of CMs improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds without affecting their high porosity. In vitro degradation tests indicated that the addition of CMs increased the water absorption of the scaffolds and inhibited pH decline of phosphate-buffered saline medium. The expression levels of osteogenic-related and angiogenic-related genes were determined in MG63 cells and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the scaffolds, respectively. The expression levels of osteogenic-related and angiogenic-related proteins were also detected by western blot analysis. Their expression levels in cells were improved on the ADM delivery scaffolds at a certain time point. The in vitro evaluation suggests that the microsphere-scaffold system is suitable as a model for bone tissue engineering.

The potential of 3-dimensional construct engineered from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/fibrin hybrid scaffold seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for in vitro cartilage tissue engineering

“…However, when we combine PLGA and fibrin, these hybrid scaffolds indicated good results in view of the fact that they lessen the inflammatory reaction and promoted both in vitro and in vivo cartilage formation (Munirah et al, 2008a,c;Sha'ban et al, 2008). Therefore, the combination of PLGA with natural polymers, such as fibrin, might overcome the limitations of synthetic and naturally derived polymers alone and produce a material with properties beneficial for cartilage reconstruction (Wang et al, 2013).…”

Hydrogel fibers encapsulating human stem cells in an injectable calcium phosphate scaffold for bone tissue engineering

“…ALP is a well-defined marker for osteogenic differentiation that is expressed in the early stage of MSC osteogenesis, and its up-regulation is a prerequisite for mineralization and subsequent maturing of bone [57]. RUNX2 is essential for osteoblastic differentiation and acts as regulatory factors involved in osteogenic-related gene expression [58]. ECM-related cell structure collagen I is another marker for bone formation.…”

Insights into the angiogenic effects of nanomaterials: mechanisms involved and potential applications

“…In addition to their nanostructures or chemical properties, which can affect the cytoskeleton or produce biological effects of angiogenesis, nanoscaffolds can also be used as carriers of small molecules or proteins with pro-angiogenicity, such as deferoxamine, adrenomedullin, VEGF, and other molecules [32,33]. Such scaffolds not only reduce the toxicity of their direct action on endothelial cells but also coordinate the release of multiple growth factors.…”

“…Bone engineering Nano-HA (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo glucocorticoid-induced bone defect model [28] In vitro study [29,33,154,155] In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [18] In vivo calvarial defect model [20,99] Micro/Nano-structured surfaces of Cu x -HA (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo subcutaneously implant study [34] TCP nanolayers In vitro study [21] Nanofibrin In vitro study [24] GO In vivo calvarial defect study [22,26] In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [27] PCL nanofibrous biomembranes In vivo maxillary bone lesion model [16] Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (1) In vitro study (2) In vivo ectopic osteogenesis study [30] Copper doped in electrospun bioactive glass nanofibers…”