Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres as an Intermediate Morphology between Microgel, Macrogel, and Coagulum in Cross-Linking Precipitation Polymerization

Downey, Jeffrey S.; Mcisaac, Geoff; Frank, Randy S.; Stöver, Harald D. H.

doi:10.1021/ma000386y

Cited by 105 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Precipitation polymerization starts from a homogeneous solution of monomer in a near Θ solvent [46]. With the progress of the polymerization, the growing and crosslinked polymer chains phase separates from the solvent to form colloidal particles.…”

Section: Preparation Of Mip Nanoparticles and Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Strategies in Molecular Imprinting

2015

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Biotechnology

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This chapter introduces the basic principle and the synthetic aspects of molecular imprinting. First, the use of a molecular template to guide the location of functional groups inside molecularly imprinted cavities is explained. Three different mechanisms that ensure a molecular template associates with functional monomers or the imprinted polymers, that is, through reversible covalent, noncovalent, and sacrificial covalent bonds, are then described. The main focus is put on noncovalent molecular imprinting using free radical polymerization. The merits of using classical radical polymerization and more sophisticated, controlled radical polymerization are analyzed. After these synthetic chemistry aspects, the chapter continues to discuss the different polymerization processes that can be used to prepare well-defined polymer monoliths, microspheres, and nanoparticles. New top-down processing techniques that produce micro- and nanopatterns of imprinted polymers are also reviewed. The chapter finishes with a brief introduction to using imprinted polymers as building blocks to construct new functional materials and devices, which we consider as one important direction for further development.

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Section: Preparation Of Mip Nanoparticles and Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Strategies in Molecular Imprinting

2015

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Biotechnology

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“…As regards precipitation polymerization, this technique involves coagulation of nano-gel beads followed by ordered particle growth due to capture of oligomers from surrounding solution [69][70]. In this manner, near-monodispersed spherical beads can be prepared, and size and porosity can be fine-tuned thereby changing the polymerization conditions.…”

Section: Precipitation Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic and Synthetic Approach of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

Yan

Row

2006

IJMS

451

231

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Abstract:Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) exhibiting high selectivity and affinity to the predetermined molecule (template) are now seeing a fast growing research. However, optimization of the imprinted products is difficult due to the fact that there are many variables to consider, some or all of which can potentially impact upon the chemical, morphological and molecular recognition properties of the imprinted materials. This review present a summary of the principal synthetic considerations pertaining to good practice in the polymerization aspects of molecular imprinting, and is primarily aimed at researcher familiar with molecular imprinting methods but with little or no prior experience in polymer synthesis. The synthesis, characteristic, effect of molecular recognition and different preparation methods of MIP in recent few years are discussed in this review, unsolved problems and possible developments of MIP were also been briefly discussed.

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“…Therefore, homoand copolymerization systems have been thoroughly investigated, including poly(divinylbenzene), 15 poly (methacrylic acid-co-polyethylene oxide methyl ether methacrylate), 16 poly(methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene), 17 poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene), 18 poly(divinylbenzene-co-maleic anhydride) 19 , poly(methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene)…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of poly(acrylamide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization

Jin

Yang

Shim

et al. 2005

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The synthesis and application of polymeric microspheres are of great importance from both academic and industrial points of view. As polymeric microspheres have been used in wider fields of conventional 1 and more sophisticated 2-6 areas, the development of a new process to prepare such materials has received much attention. Polymer microspheres of a particular size and uniformity are generally obtained with one of the heterogeneous polymerizations, including suspension, emulsion, dispersion, seeded, and precipitation polymerizations. Moreover, each polymerization is branched to several subsidiary methods, such as macroemulsion, miniemulsion, microemulsion, and soap-free emulsion polymerizations.Fully crosslinked monodisperse polymer microspheres have unique applications because of their superior strength, thermal and solvent resistance, and antislip properties.7 However, the synthesis of such microspheres is limited to a few techniques, such as seeded polymerization, [8][9][10][11] Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification followed by postpolymerization, 12,13 and precipitation polymerization.14 Precipitation polymerization, in particular, has advantages over the other techniques because crosslinked microspheres can be readily prepared in a single process without any auxiliary apparatus to make the size distribution of the particles narrow. Therefore, homoand copolymerization systems have been thoroughly investigated, including poly(divinylbenzene), 15 poly (methacrylic acid-co-polyethylene oxide methyl ether methacrylate), 16 poly(methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene), 17 poly(chloromethylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene), 18 poly(divinylbenzene-co-maleic anhydride) 19 , poly(methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene)[poly(MMA-co-DVB)], [20][21][22] and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) [poly(St-co-DVB)]. 23In addition, mechanistic studies to elucidate the formation of stable microspheres in the absence of any stabilizer have been reported 24,25 in which the absorption of oligomeric species onto the nuclei and the high degree of crosslinking are the primary reasons for the formation and stable growth of the microspheres.Several examples of the copolymerization of the partially water-soluble monomer acrylamide (AAm) and oil-soluble monomers such as methacrylic acid 26 and styrene 27,28 have been recently reported with precipitation polymerization, 26 inverse microemulsion polymerization, 27 and water/oil/water emulsion by SPG membrane emulsification and subsequent suspension polymerization. 28In our previous studies, poly(St-co-DVB) and poly (MMA-co-DVB) microspheres containing various concentrations of divinylbenzene (DVB), from 5 to 75 mol %, were synthesized by precipitation polymerization, and their unexpected thermal properties, superior to those of crosslinked polymers prepared by emulsion and

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Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres as an Intermediate Morphology between Microgel, Macrogel, and Coagulum in Cross-Linking Precipitation Polymerization

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

Synthetic Strategies in Molecular Imprinting

Synthetic Strategies in Molecular Imprinting

Characteristic and Synthetic Approach of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

Synthesis of poly(acrylamide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization

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