“…Unlike cyanoacrylates, methylidene malonates have been shown to produce narrower weight distributions (Đ = 1.63 compared to 2.14), better biocompatibility, and more controlled reactivity (less sensitive to moisture for example). 16,24,25 Some reversible-deactivation radical polymerization schemes can occur in the presence of oxygen or air, but usually require elevated temperatures, mitigation of moisture, and/or complicated processes to graft initiators to the substrate prior to polymerization. [26][27][28][29] Thus, this study evaluates the grafting and polymerization of methylidene malonates under practical conditions, i.e., in the presence of air and water.…”