Police militarization in the<scp>United States</scp>

Steidley, Trent; Ramey, David M.

doi:10.1111/soc4.12674

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…Recent research has also begun to examine public support for the acquisition and use of surplus military weapons and equipment by local law enforcement (B. Fox, Moule, and Parry 2018; Steidley and Ramey 2019). Paralleling the empowerment literature focusing on other discretionary police practices, this growing body of research finds that legitimacy makes the public more supportive of police acquiring surplus military equipment.…”

Section: Legitimacy and Public Empowerment Of Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis

Fox

Moule

Jaynes

et al. 2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: To assess whether the relationship between legitimacy and police empowerment is sensitive to the operationalization of legitimacy, and whether the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are invariant. Empowerment is examined in the context of police militarization—public support for the discretionary use of surplus military equipment by law enforcement. Method: Using a national sample of 702 American adults and a series of ordinary least squares regressions, the direct and interactive effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are examined. Results: The composite measure of legitimacy, as well as its individual components, each exert direct effects on police empowerment. Instrumental factors have persisting, albeit weaker, effects relative to normative factors. Interaction terms between the composite legitimacy measure or its components and sociodemographic characteristics were not statistically significant. In short, the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment appear invariant. Conclusions: Findings provide additional evidence of the generality of Tyler’s process–based model and extend these considerations to the burgeoning literature on public empowerment of police.

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Section: Legitimacy and Public Empowerment Of Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis

Fox

Moule

Jaynes

et al. 2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…1. For reviews of the literature on police militarization, see Bieler (2016) and Steidley and Ramey (2019). 2.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Opinion About Police Weapons and Equipment: An Exploratory Analysis

Wozniak

Drakulich

Calfano

2021

Criminal Justice Policy Review

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Despite debates about the “material militarization” of the police, relatively little information on mass public opinion about police weapons, equipment, and gear currently exists. We analyze data from a national, opt-in panel of survey participants to assess public opinion regarding police use of 10 different types of weapons and equipment for use in confrontations with citizens. We find that public opinion defies easy classification into “militarized” versus “routine” equipment categories. Multivariate analyses indicate that perceptions of (a) police efficacy and (b) the frequency with which officers experience physical assaults on the job are the most consistent predictors of support for a range of weapons and gear, whereas perceptions of police misconduct and bias predict opposition to some types of tools. Partisan differences in attitudes between Democrats, Republicans, and Independents are less consistent predictors than broader perceptions about policing, but the effects of partisanship that are evident are substantively large.

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“…& Steidley, 2019). Militarization includes armed supplies, personnel's perquisites and other security measures to safeguard the state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization

Abbas

Xu²,

Ullah

et al. 2020

Open Military Studies

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Security issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.

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Police militarization in theUnited States

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis

Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis

Public Opinion About Police Weapons and Equipment: An Exploratory Analysis

Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization

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