Pneumocystis carinii Serologic Study in Pediatric Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Pifer, Linda; Woods, Diane R.; Edwards, Carol C.; Joyner, Rebecca E.; Anderson, Frank J.; Arheart, Kris

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150010046018

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Pneumocystis pneumonia is often described and perceived as an AIDS-specific pneumonia. However, Pneumocystis carinii is a ubiquitous fungal parasite that is present in all humans and may become active upon immune deficiency like many others (Freeman, 1979;Pifer, 1984;Williford Pifer et al, 1988;Root-Bernstein, 1990a). Since bacterial opportunists of immune deficiency, like tuberculosis bacillus or pneumococcus, are readily defeated with antibiotics, fungal and viral pneumonias predominate in countries where antibiotics are readily available.…”

Section: Aids Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Inactive microbes or microbes at low concentrations are harmless passengers, e.g. lysogenic bacteriophages, endogenous and latent retroviruses (Weiss et al, 1985), latent herpes virus or latent ubiquitous Pneumocystis and Candida infections (Freeman, 1979;Pifer, 1984;Williford Pifer et al, 1988). Hibernation is a proven microbial strategy of survival, which allows indefinite coexistence with the host without pathogenicity.)…”

Section: Criteria Of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are Candida, Pneurnocystis (Freeman, 1979), cytomegalovirus, herpes virus (Evans, 1989c) and HIV (see text), these are shown at the percentages at which they are established in the American population. Williford Pifer et al, 1988), and cytomegalovirus and herpes virus at about 50% and 40%, respectively (Evans, 1989c). In addition, it shows the typical exponential rise and subsequent fall of a hypothetical epidemic by a new influenza virus strain (Freeman, 1979).…”

Section: Hiv Is Presumed New Because Aids Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors

Duesberg

1992

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

125

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The hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes AIDS has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the annual AIDS risk and the very heterogeneous AIDS diseases of infected persons. The correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) AIDS includes 25 previously known diseases and two clinically and epidemiologically very different epidemics, one in America and Europe, the other in Africa; (2) almost all American (90%) and European (86%) AIDS patients are males over the age of 20, while African AIDS affects both sexes equally; (3) the annual AIDS risks of infected babies, intravenous drug users, homosexuals who use aphrodisiacs, hemophiliacs and Africans vary over 100-fold; (4) many AIDS patients have diseases that do not depend on immunodeficiency, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, dementia and wasting; (5) the AIDS diseases of Americans (97%) and Europeans (87%) are predetermined by prior health risks, including long-term consumption of illicit recreational drugs, the antiviral drug AZT and congenital deficiencies like hemophilia, and those of Africans are Africa-specific. Both negative and positive evidence shows that AIDS is not infectious: (1) the virus hypothesis fails all conventional criteria of causation; (2) over 100-fold different AIDS risks in different risk groups show that HIV is not sufficient for AIDS; (3) AIDS is only 'acquired,' if at all, years after HIV is neutralized by antibodies; (4) AIDS is new but HIV is a long-established, perinatally transmitted retrovirus; (5) alternative explanations disprove all assumptions and anecdotal cases cited in support of the virus hypothesis; (6) all AIDS-defining diseases occur in matched risk groups, at the same rate, in the absence of HIV; (7) there is no common, active microbe in all AIDS patients; (8) AIDS manifests in unpredictable and unrelated diseases; and (9) it does not spread randomly between the sexes in America and Europe. Based on numerous data documenting that drugs are necessary for HIV-positives and sufficient for HIV-negatives to develop AIDS diseases, it is proposed that all American/European AIDS diseases, that exceed their normal background, result from recreational and anti-HIV drugs. African AIDS is proposed to result from protein malnutrition, poor sanitation and subsequent parasitic infections. This hypothesis resolves all paradoxes of the virus-AIDS hypothesis. It is epidemiologically and experimentally testable and provides a rational basis for AIDS control.

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Section: Aids Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Criteria Of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv Is Presumed New Because Aids Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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