Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii Infections in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cohen, Oren J.; Stoeckle, Mark Y.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400060123022

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, the presence of the parasite in other organs is occasionally reported in man (14,66) and, recently, we have found P. carinii in several extrapulmonary sites in deeply immunosuppressed laboratory animals (unpublished results). figure 1 shows the generally accepted life cycle of P. carinii (19,53,56).…”

Section: The Life Cycle Of Pneumocystis Cariniimentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The real incidence of P. carinii extrapulmonary infection in humans remains unknown. In patients with AIDS, a 2.5% incidence was found in an autopsy study (14). Extrapulmonary P. carinii infection of many organs is found in deeply immunosuppressed laboratory animals with PCP (unpublished results).…”

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Pneumocystis is also able to disseminate, by hematogenous and lymphatic routes, from the infected lung to other organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, thyroid gland, heart, pancreas, eyes, ears, etc), where it is occasionally reported (14,66). The real incidence of P. carinii extrapulmonary infection in humans remains unknown.…”

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrapulmonary P. carinii infection of many organs is found in deeply immunosuppressed laboratory animals with PCP (unpublished results). Although human cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis without lung involvement were reported (14), earlier pulmonary lesions may be inapparent when extrapulmonary lesions are found, as it was observed in deep mycoses with a pulmonary portal of entry.…”

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent?

et al. 1992

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Pneumocystis carinii is a widespread eukaryotic microorganism found in the lungs of healthy mammals, including humans. It is able to proliferate extensively in the alveoli, becoming an important agent of severe pneumonitis in immunosuppressed hosts, especially in persons suffering from AIDS. The taxonomic position of P. carinii is uncertain. Typical cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells have been found and described in the parasite. Biochemical research is hindered by the lack of an efficient in vitro culture system. Results of comparative study of nucleic acid sequences suggest that Pneumocystis is a fungus. However, ultrastructural, biochemical and nucleic acid homology insights appear as clearly insufficient to class Pneumocystis. Pneumocystis infection might be acquired, as deep mycoses, from environmental sources through the respiratory tract. Thus, the hypothesis of an environmental stage of the parasite must be considered. Pneumocystis might be seen as a widespread pathogenic dimorphous fungus. As fungal agents, P. carinii is able to disseminate from the infected lung to other organs. However, deep mycoses and pneumocystosis induce different histopathological changes in the host. Furthermore, deep fungal infections, unlike pneumocystosis, cannot be transmitted from one infested host to another one. Beside these two aspects, pneumocystosis shares many features with deep mycoses. Research on the epidemiology of pneumocystosis is needed.

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Section: The Life Cycle Of Pneumocystis Cariniimentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is Pneumocystosis a Fungal Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is Pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent?

et al. 1992

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“…On the other hand, although safe and effective, there are some aspects of AP prophylaxis which should be emphasized: first, an increasing number of extrapulmonary P. carinii infection has been described in patients receiving AP [7, 8]. However, other authors believe that specific risk factors for the development of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis remain undefined [9]. Second, roentgenographic patterns other than interstitial infiltrates are seen in recurrent PCP under AP prophylaxis which may be difficult to diagnose.…”

Section: Untitledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Pneumocystis carinii Prophylaxis with Aerosolized Pentamidine after Bone Marrow Transplantation

et al. 1998

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Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy have a 21% risk of developing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) if no prophylaxis is used [1]. During the first 6 months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the recipients have an estimated 9% risk of developing PCP [2]. Standard prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) daily or intermittent doses has been used effectively in transplant and other immunosuppressed patients [2–4]. However, poor compliance and undesirable myelotoxicity are expected with this schedule, especially if other myelotoxic drugs such as ganciclovir have to be administered. Aerosolized pentamidine (AP) has been considered an attractive alternative in AIDS patients who do not tolerate SMX/TMP because only 4% of the patients discontinue AP prophylaxis due to side effects [5].

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Resident's Page: Pathology

Askin¹,

Westra²

1994

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii Infections in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cited by 54 publications

References 70 publications

Is Pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent?

Is Pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent?

Primary Pneumocystis carinii Prophylaxis with Aerosolized Pentamidine after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Resident's Page: Pathology

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