Pneumococcus and influenza

Shann, Frank

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90489-r

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, in ideal circumstances, immunization would be expected to provide some protection against influenza infection in the 1989-90 epidemic. Doubts have been expressed about the protection offered by influenza vaccination in the elderly, particularly in those with conditions that put them at high risk of the complications of influenza [7,8]. This study supports the suggestion from earlier studies conducted in nursing homes [9], and more recent studies on the elderly in the community [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in the epidemic of 1989–90 using a general practice database

Fleming

Watson²,

Nicholas³

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing serious illness and death was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of 1989-90. A retrospective cohort study was carried out using computerized general practitioner records on nearly 10000 patients aged 55 years and over. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, recent immunization was found to have a protective effect of 75% (95% confidence intervals: 21-92%) against death. Protection did not appear to vary with either age or the presence of underlying chronic disease. As the complications of influenza are most common in those with underlying chronic disease, the study findings are consistent with the recommended policy for the use of influenza vaccine in the UK. Further work is necessary to determine the cost-effectiveness of extending immunization to other groups.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in the epidemic of 1989–90 using a general practice database

Fleming

Watson²,

Nicholas³

et al. 1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To assess the ability to make antibodies in vivo against polysaccharide antigens, vaccines against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae have been used [2,9]. However, S. pneumoniae polyvalent vaccine has not been useful in children aged less than 2 years because of its less immunogenicity and H. influenzae vaccine is only available in certain countries [6,10]. In the present study, the immune status of seven children, who had recurrent AOM caused by pneumococci and encapsulated bacteria, was studied with regard to antibody production against S. pneumoniae and patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for recurrent pneumococcal otitis media in young children

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serum immunoglobulin levels and naturally occurring antibody titres against Streptococcus pneumoniae were measured in seven children aged 1-1.9 years with recurrent pneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM). Three of them had low IgG2 levels. Mean antibody levels of anti-pneumococcal IgG1 and anti-pneumococcal IgG2 were significantly lower in patients when compared to those of healthy controls and children who had less frequent episodes of AOM. Following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for 6 months, anti-pneumococcal IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels increased and the number of episodes of AOM decreased in all patients. Following the discontinuation of IVIG therapy, no AOM episode occurred. Serum levels of anti-pneumococcal IgG1 and IgG2 were normal, which were measured in three subjects at 5, 6, and 12 months after the cessation of IVIG therapy. These results suggested that delayed maturation of anti-pneumococcal antibody production caused recurrent AOM and this condition was corrected by IVIG therapy.

show abstract

“…Early whole virus vaccines contained intact, formalin inactivated virus and were associated with many adverse effects. Modern subunit vaccines are well tolerated and evoke a good serological response 19. Two forms of subunit vaccine are available: split virus vaccine contains disrupted virus particles that have been partially purified by extraction with organic solvents, and surface antigen vaccine is composed of highly purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annual vaccination is recommended, although the value of repeated annual vaccination has been questioned 19. Astudy of children at boarding school who were given H3N2 vaccine over seven years showed that the efficacy of the vaccine against clinical illness was 50% in the first year but vaccination had no effect against two subsequent epidemics 20.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza: diagnosis, management, and prophylaxis

Wiselka

1994

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pneumococcus and influenza

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in the epidemic of 1989–90 using a general practice database

Study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in the epidemic of 1989–90 using a general practice database

Successful intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for recurrent pneumococcal otitis media in young children

Influenza: diagnosis, management, and prophylaxis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About