PLGA hybrid porous microspheres as human periodontal ligament stem cell delivery carriers for periodontal regeneration

Porous Inorganic Materials for Bioanalysis and Diagnostic Applications

“…Proteins execute important functions at the cellular level, involving in diverse biological processes in living organisms. ,, Proteomic analysis, currently relying on MS techniques, provides valuable insights into the key biological processes in which the specific protein participates. − However, the macromolecular weight strains access to the direct ionization of proteins, which affects the potential application of large-scale protein identification. Therefore, tedious sample preparation is fundamentally important for bottom-up proteomics workflows, among which proteolysis converts the poorly ionized proteins into peptide fragments and benefits the downstream ionization and detection. , Traditional proteolysis including in-gel digestion and in-solution digestion is time-consuming (e.g., at least 12 h) and leads to artificial modification of substrate proteins. , Immobilization of enzymes in porous materials, owing to their unique properties such as high surface areas, tunable surface chemistry, and controllable size distribution, is a key strategy for improving proteolysis performance.…”

“…70 Proteins execute important functions at the cellular level, involving in diverse biological processes in living organisms. 37,71,72 Proteomic analysis, currently relying on MS techniques, provides valuable insights into the key biological processes in which the specific protein participates. 73−75 However, the macromolecular weight strains access to the direct ionization of proteins, which affects the potential application of large-scale protein identification.…”

Construction of PLGA Porous Microsphere-Based Artificial Pancreatic Islets Assisted by the Cell Centrifugation Perfusion Technique

“…In recent years, the design and implementation of biopolymer-based microcarriers have contributed to the development of advanced tissue models used for pharmacological and pathological research purposes such as drug screening and tissue engineering . By mimicking a structure-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), biopolymer-based microcarriers could provide unique microenvironments that are distinct from the typical two-dimensional (2D) cell culture condition, resulting in increased cellular activity even to the levels observed in vivo. , Among the numerous biopolymer-based microcarriers, porous microspheres (PMs) have attracted extensive interest in cell-based therapy and drug delivery because of the reported high efficiency in cell/drug loading, cell retention following implantation, and open surgery-free clinical safety. − Tunable porosity, tailored mechanical strength, and comparatively easy fabrication methods also made using PMs a popular choice for bottom-up tissue engineering approaches, such as in the design and implementation of microparticle-reinforced composite scaffolds. − Notably, previous studies have suggested the potential of PMs in stem cell or tissue-specific cell packing during cell therapies, reporting better outcomes over nonporous microspheres and unassisted cell implantation. , Indeed, excellent cell loading ability has been observed of the PMs either as injectable modularized units or PM-constituted scaffold-supported microtissues. , However, construction efficiency remains limited regarding organoids, especially vascularized organoids, that require the input of multiple cell types. Various approaches have been proposed and demonstrated, for example, separate seeding of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into cryogel microspheres to construct PM-composed macroscaffolds for bone regeneration .…”

“…Previously, our group reported the use of PLGA PMs for in vivo delivery of human periodontal ligament stem cells using gravity-forced cell perfusion technology, demonstrating high cell seeding efficiency while retaining cell viability and function . Considering the fact that the pancreatic islets are multicellular micro-organs composed of endocrine cells and extensively vascularized (Scheme ), for the present study, we focused more on examining the use of the “centrifugation perfusion” seeding technique for multiple cell seeding into PMs for the construction of vascularized and functional “pseudo” pancreatic islets .…”

Controllable preparation of bioactive open porous microspheres for tissue engineering

“…The results show that PLGA OPMs are significantly better than traditional PLGA solid microspheres for cell adhesion, because their interconnected surface and inner pore structure effectively expand the surface and internal area of the microspheres, and provide a sufficient open 3D space for cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation. [39][40][41] Meanwhile, they can promote cell growth by facilitating the mass transport of nutrients and oxygen, and thus result in improved regenerating and reconstructing potentials, promising their potential as an efficient cell carrier to increase cell density and cell bioactivity for cell-implantation-based tissue engineering. [42][43][44] 2.…”