Play as a Tool in Nursing Care for Hospitalized Children

Abstract

Atividade lúdica como ferramenta para o cuidado de enfermagem às crianças hospitalizadas REME . Quanto aos benefícios da atividade lúdica para a criança, observaram-se a redução de sentimentos negativos, redução das queixas de dor, náusea, ansiedade e sentimentos depressivos, bem como a melhora no processo de comunicação entre a equipe de enfermagem e a criança. Percebeu-se uma produção ainda incipiente sobre as atividades lúdicas utilizadas por enfermeiros no contexto da internação infantil. Ressalta-se que os benefícios estão intimamente ligados ao tipo de atividade que é utilizada. Contudo, faz-se necessária mais ênfase nessas influências para que os enfermeiros tomem conhecimento de como organizar melhor seu processo de trabalho. Palavras-chave: Criança Hospitalizada; Ludoterapia; Enfermagem; Saúde da Criança; Cuidados de Enfermagem. ABSTR ACT The study aims at synthesizing existing knowledge about play as a tool in nursing care for hospitalized children. It is an integrative review carried out at Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) databases. Among the thirteen reviewed studies, 46% used randomised clinical trial; doll therapy was most commonly used (46%), followed by toys (30%

Estratégias lúdicas no cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada

“…It should be noted that only one professional referred to storytelling as a play strategy; however, research indicates that reading and telling stories are excellent tools for working with imagination, reasoning and creativity, as well as transmitting values such as ethics, love, respect, peace and cooperation, 8 which would need to be more present in children's hospitalization.…”

“…[6][7] It is added that the ludic activities favor the moments of reasoning, discovery, persistence and perseverance, and can be used to recreate, stimulate, socialize and care. 8 It can be observed that in the range of possibilities of play strategies with hospitalized children are games, relaxation, dialogue, music, paintings and storytelling, 9 besides the therapeutic toy, which is a structured toy which helps in reducing the anxiety of the child coming from threatening and atypical situations, as in invasive and painful procedures. 10 It is suggested that play strategies need to be part of Nursing care with the child who experiences a hospitalization, too, from the perspective of a right to be guaranteed.…”

“…15 In this way, we find legal frameworks that support the importance of the use of playful strategies in the care of the child, including, as far as the Nursing practice in the hospital environment is concerned. It is therefore necessary that professionals recognize their benefits and integrate these strategies systematically into their work process, 8 recognizing them as a right of the child. It should be noted, however, that, despite the obvious benefits of play care for the hospitalized child, few studies briefly describe strategies and actual moments of use in care practice, as well as the nursing professionals' understanding of the topic.…”

A importância do lúdico no contexto da hospitalização infantil

“…13 It is exposed, the existence of several strategies of play activities that health professionals can use to promote a better interaction of the child with the environment in which the hospital is located. 14 The main activities of the playwrights were clown theater, reading circle, creative therapy with art, virtual interactive playground, puppets, playgrounds and, finally, the therapeutic puppet. Through each activity, direct benefits for the hospitalized child are promoted, among them, reduction of depressive behavior, pain complaints, nausea, anxiety and fear, as well as facilitating communication and interaction with the health professional, making the child more active and communicative, and thus promoting well-being.…”

“…Through these activities, it is easy to perceive that the environment changes, going from hostile to cheerful and more childish, the children's facial expressions become more cheerful, with laughter and smiles, and the waiting for the return of the clowns brings one more positive point: the euphoria and the improvement of the relationship with the Nursing team. 14 The importance of the Therapeutic Toy is also emphasized, benefiting children beyond those already mentioned with well-being, the reduction of fear, when it refers to the hospitalization process, the interaction of the same with the environment and, the promotion and continuity of the child's development. 11 The environment and the way of care can be transformed with the use of this play.…”