Plausible Role of Stem Cell Types for Treating and Understanding the Pathophysiology of Depression

Sachdeva, Punya; Ji, Seong-Min; Ghosh, Shampa; Raghunath, Manchala; Kim, Hyunjin; Bhaskar, Rakesh; Sinha, Jitendra Kumar; Han, Sung Soo

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15030814

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…While it is known that microplastics can easily enter our body (Figure 2) by the routes of ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, the health risks associated with each pathway are still not well understood. There is also a need for more research and development studies to find and comprehend the longstanding and enduring consequences of the exposure to microplastics on our brain as well as mental health, pre-and post-natal developmental effects, various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease [158], epilepsy [159], and other neuropsychological conditions [160][161][162]. While studies have shown potential risks such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to organs, there is still much to be learned about the cumulative effects of exposure over time.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health

Ghosh

Sinha²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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In recent years, there has been mounting concern about the bearing of microplastics on human health and the comprehensive natural environment. These particles come from a variety of sources, such as soaps, personal care products, and the rundown of bigger plastic items. The impacts of microplastics on marine life and other ecosystems are substantial, including ingestion by marine animals, interference with their reproductive systems, and even death. The economic implications of microplastics are also significant, with industries, such as fishing and tourism being affected by the presence of microplastics in the environment. Exposure to microplastics can also pose potential health risks to humans, including respiratory and digestive problems, as well as disrupt sleep, contribute to obesity, and increase the risk of diabetes. To address this issue, policies and initiatives have been put in place to reduce microplastic pollution, but there are challenges that need to be overcome, such as lack of awareness, limited resources, and ineffective regulations. Further research is also needed to fully understand the impacts of microplastics on our health and to develop effective strategies to mitigate the problem. In this article, we have discussed the requirement of a multifaceted approach including reducing plastic use, promoting proper disposal and recycling of plastic waste, developing innovative technologies for capturing and removing microplastics from the environment, raising public awareness, and implementing effective regulations and policies. It is only through concerted efforts and collaboration between individuals, industries, and governments that the threat of microplastics can be tackled.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health

Ghosh

Sinha²,

Ghosh³

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…This condition eventually increases the changes of atherosclerosis in obese people 15 . Many other disorders like epilepsy [16][17][18] , depression and other neuropsychological problems can also occur. 19 4.…”

Section: Some Of the Risk Factors And Complications Related With Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Can They Have to-and-Fro Communications with Sleep?

Karunakaran,

Rana

2023

Preprint

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Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, contributes to a multitude of physiological dysfunctions. This paper explores the complex relationship between obesity and various risk factors and complications, shedding light on critical health implications. Obesity triggers alterations in insulin, leptin, adiponectin, cytokines, and insulin-like growth factors, fostering conditions conducive to cancer initiation. Aberrations in nutrient-dependent intracellular signaling pathways, driven by the excess nutrition characteristic of obesity, contribute to the neoplastic transformation of cells. The Body Mass Index (BMI) correlates directly with adiposity, underlining its significance in cancer risk. Furthermore, insulin and insulin-like growth factors, notably IGF-2, play pivotal roles in this relationship. The expression of IR-A receptors is elevated in cancer. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases share a strong association. Obesity elevates the risk of fatal events like myocardial infarction. High cholesterol levels contribute to atherosclerosis in the aorta and coronary arteries. The severity of coronary artery disease is influenced by plaque formation characterized by calcium deposits. Obesity is also linked to hypertension and increased ventricular mass, exacerbating cardiovascular risks. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension correlate with a high Body Mass Index (BMI). Obesity is intricately connected to insulin resistance, particularly evident in childhood obesity. It entails a gradual decline in insulin sensitivity, leading to elevated insulin levels in the bloodstream. Insulin resistance is a central factor in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Obesity also results in elevated triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipoproteins, contributing to atherogenic dyslipidemia and a heightened risk of atherosclerosis. Additionally, obesity is associated with various other disorders, including epilepsy, depression, and neuropsychological problems. Beyond its physiological impact, obesity is associated with significant psychosocial challenges. Studies indicate that individuals with obesity face a higher risk of depressive symptoms, often related to overeating and unhealthy dietary patterns. The social withdrawal tendencies of obese individuals exacerbate these symptoms, with higher rates of depression observed in this group. OSA, a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent breathing cessation during sleep, is strongly correlated with obesity. Approximately 58% of obese individuals experience OSA, with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) associated with an increased risk. Weight reduction has been found to mitigate the severity of OSA and related arrhythmias. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy demonstrates effectiveness in reducing visceral fat accumulation and leptin levels. This comprehensive review underscores the intricate web of health implications associated with obesity, emphasizing the critical need for preventive measures and intervention strategies to address the multifaceted challenges posed by this global health concern.

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“…Drugs need to be developed that specifically address the defined targets e.g., increase the activity of the pharyngeal dilator muscles without disrupting sleep and/or increase inhibitory action of the pharyngeal constrictor mechanism. 162,163 The development of such specific drugs is necessary to produce a solid basis for clinical trials in humans with high chances of success.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Homeostasis as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Obesity and Sleep Disorders

Kumar¹,

Ghosh²,

Mishra³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Accumulation of extra fats in the body results in disturbance in homeostasis causing obesity. The pathophysiology of obesity has been associated with various genetic, epigenetic factors and the disturbed lifestyles of an individual. One of the outcomes is disturbance in the sleep cycle which leads to sleep disorders. The evolutionary significance of sleep lies in the fact that it saves energy and is crucial for adjustment of an individual to ecological and environmental factors, and thus maintains homeostasis. Sleep has an anabolic function and replenishes the wakefulness-associated loss of glycogen stores. However, the modern lifestyle is well known to disrupt sleep behavior and patterns affecting human health negatively. Alteration in homeostasis leads to several acute and chronic pathophysiological conditions like obesity and related metabolic morbidities being one amongst them. Shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality are important risk factors associated with the development of obesity and have more adverse effects on energy homeostasis. Consequently, it is crucial to comprehend the obesity and sleep relationship and its therapeutic strategies, given that strong crosstalk exists between energy balance that favors obesity and sleep apnea. It is therefore highly recommended to the people with a high risk of obesity to maintain sleep discipline and good sleep hygiene in our daily life. Interventions are required to improve both sleep quality and quantity, and associated obesity. More focused research is needed for uncovering the pieces of evidence that determine whether such interventions can improve obesity-related health consequences. The present review discusses the important findings on the therapeutic and neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating sleep and obesity.

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Plausible Role of Stem Cell Types for Treating and Understanding the Pathophysiology of Depression

Cited by 7 publications

References 118 publications

Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health

Microplastics as an Emerging Threat to the Global Environment and Human Health

Obesity, Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Can They Have to-and-Fro Communications with Sleep?

Restoring Homeostasis as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Obesity and Sleep Disorders

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