Platinum nanoplatforms: classic catalysts claiming a prominent role in cancer therapy

Abstract

The present work provides a critical overview of how Pt-based nanosystems can play a leading role in new cancer therapies and excel beyond their well-established performance in “classic” catalytic processes.

Dual Nanozyme-Driven PtSn Bimetallic Nanoclusters for Metal-Enhanced Tumor Photothermal and Catalytic Therapy

“…As a noble metal, Pt NPs have gained attention in the past years due to their excellent catalytic performance and distinctive optical properties. ,, However, the biomedical applications of Pt have been mainly circumscribed to organoplatinic compounds for chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, lipoplatin, and aeroplatin, and the high cost and low atom utilization caused by the aggregation of Pt NPs greatly limit their practical application. Alloying Pt with a secondary metal could not only reduce the amount of Pt used but also enhance the catalytic performance, showing great promise for anticancer therapy. − In addition, the bimetallic NPs with an alloying effect usually have more active catalytic sites and desirable chemical stability compared with monometallic components, thus showing great promise for anticancer therapy. − For instance, Huang and co-workers prepared a two-dimensional PdMo bimetallic nanosheet with the cascade catalytic reactions to achieve three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic (PA) dynamically molecular event tracking .…”

Homogeneous Pt nanostructures surface functionalized with phenylboronic acid phosphonic acid derivatives as potential biochemical nanosensors and drugs: SERS and TERS studies

“…However, thanks to the advances in nanotechnology and the great interest in the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the development and design of highly sensitive and specific biochemical nanosensors and drugs, PtNP‐based systems show promise for cancer therapies (photodynamic, chemodynamic, photothermal, radiosensitizing, etc.) 11–13 …”

“…PtNPs on whose surface an agent with antitumor activity has been immobilized may exhibit higher catalytic efficiency in destroying cancer cells than pure PtNPs 12 . Phosphonic acids of phenylboronic acid (PBA) and its derivatives are a promising class of candidates for inhibiting actively migrating tumor cells without affecting normal cells (e.g., human prostate and breast cancer), 14 activating pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is critical for tumorigenesis, 15 inhibiting arginase to enhance anti‐tumor immune responses, 16 etc.…”

“…6-10 However, thanks to the advances in nanotechnology and the great interest in the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the development and design of highly sensitive and specific biochemical nanosensors and drugs, PtNP-based systems show promise for cancer therapies (photodynamic, chemodynamic, photothermal, radiosensitizing, etc.). [11][12][13] PtNPs on whose surface an agent with antitumor activity has been immobilized may exhibit higher catalytic efficiency in destroying cancer cells than pure PtNPs. 12 Phosphonic acids of phenylboronic acid (PBA) and its derivatives are a promising class of candidates for inhibiting actively migrating tumor cells without affecting normal cells (e.g., human prostate and breast cancer), 14 activating pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is critical for tumorigenesis, 15 inhibiting arginase to enhance anti-tumor immune responses, 16 etc.…”

Exosomes loaded with ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles: a novel low-toxicity alternative to cisplatin

“…Also, Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) have been explored, in an attempt to replicate the antitumoral effects of cisplatin [ 42 ]. PtNPs have been proposed for a variety of biomedical applications in cancer and beyond, on account of their excellent catalytic, optical and chemical properties [ 43 ]. It has been described that PtNPs can induce apoptosis mediated cell death, inhibiting the replication of cancer cells [ 44 ].…”