Platelets and their pathways in dentistry: Systematic review

Abstract

Advancing research in medicine and technology has benefitted the mankind immensely with its contribution toward an improved life quality and increased life expectancy. The inability of a human body to autoregenerate has resulted in an increased demand for newer and healthier tissues and organs. Therefore, the restoration of naturally replicated tissue components has become a subject of interest for the scientific community lately. There was felt an intense quest for promoting strategies that could restore tissue regeneration and fuel the field of regenerative medicine. It was then the role of platelets was accounted for its wound healing and regenerative effects. Consequently, the use of platelet concentrates to improve wound healing, and bone formation was explored, which was considered to be possible because platelets contain high quantities of growth factors which would be able to stimulate cell proliferation, matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis, thereby establishing a new era of research with the successful application of innovative medical therapies focused on healing damaged tissues or regenerate the affected organs.

History of autologous platelet‐rich plasma: A short review

“…Progress in medicine in general has also led to rapid advances in platelet application. In 1972, for the first time, Matras used platelets as sealants to establish blood homeostasis during surgical procedures 14 . Furthermore, in 1975 Oon and Hobbs were the first scientists to use PRP in reconstructive treatment 15 .…”

“…In 1972, for the first time, Matras used platelets as sealants to establish blood homeostasis during surgical procedures. 14 Furthermore, in 1975 Oon and Hobbs were the first scientists to use PRP in reconstructive treatment. 15 In 1987, Ferrari et al used platelet‐rich plasma in heart surgery as an autologous source of transfusion for the first time, thus reducing intraoperative blood loss, hematological disorders of the peripheral pulmonary circulation, and subsequent use of blood products.…”

Investigation of Biomarkers Associated with Low Platelet Counts in Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…Platelets also play a critical role in repairing bone fractures [ 30 ]. Previous studies on the supportive effects of platelets on bone formation have shown that PDGF induces bone formation by influencing cell proliferation, chemotactic differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Platelet Features and Derivatives in Osteoporosis: A Rational and Systematic Review on the Best Evidence

“…These PGFs join to specific target tyrosine growth factor receptors, which then activate intracellular signal transduction pathways [11,12]. Several preclinical and clinical studies highlighted the supportive effect of PLTs on bone formation showing that platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) favor bone formation by affecting cell proliferation, chemotaxis differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis [13,14]. On the other hand, preclinical in vitro studies showed the role of PLTs in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, but the exact mechanism has not been yet proposed [13,14].…”

“…Several preclinical and clinical studies highlighted the supportive effect of PLTs on bone formation showing that platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) favor bone formation by affecting cell proliferation, chemotaxis differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis [13,14]. On the other hand, preclinical in vitro studies showed the role of PLTs in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, but the exact mechanism has not been yet proposed [13,14]. These unique biological properties of PLTs emphasize why their derivatives were increasingly used in the clinical scenario to support the healing process in different pathological conditions, including musculoskeletal diseases [15][16][17].…”