Platelet Features and Derivatives in Osteoporosis: A Rational and Systematic Review on the Best Evidence

Salamanna, Francesca; Maglio, Melania; Sartori, Maria Márcia Pereira; Tschon, Matilde; Fini, Milena

doi:10.3390/ijms21051762

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…To overcome these concerns, human platelet lysate (hPL) has been suggested as a physiologically relevant alternative for FBS ( 11 ). Platelets contain a variety of proteins and nutrients that are vital for tissue regeneration ( 14 – 16 ), and may have an influence on healthy and pathological bone remodeling ( 17 , 18 ). Their cargo can be released by lysis through e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Platelet Lysate as Alternative of Fetal Bovine Serum for Enhanced Human In Vitro Bone Resorption and Remodeling

Wildt

Ito²,

Hofmann³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionTo study human physiological and pathological bone remodeling while addressing the principle of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments (3Rs), human in vitro bone remodeling models are being developed. Despite increasing safety-, scientific-, and ethical concerns, fetal bovine serum (FBS), a nutritional medium supplement, is still routinely used in these models. To comply with the 3Rs and to improve the reproducibility of such in vitro models, xenogeneic-free medium supplements should be investigated. Human platelet lysate (hPL) might be a good alternative as it has been shown to accelerate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and improve subsequent mineralization. However, for a human in vitro bone model, hPL should also be able to adequately support osteoclastic differentiation and subsequent bone resorption. In addition, optimizing co-culture medium conditions in mono-cultures might lead to unequal stimulation of co-cultured cells.MethodsWe compared supplementation with 10% FBS vs. 10%, 5%, and 2.5% hPL for osteoclast formation and resorption by human monocytes (MCs) in mono-culture and in co-culture with (osteogenically stimulated) human MSCs.Results and DiscussionSupplementation of hPL can lead to a less donor-dependent and more homogeneous osteoclastic differentiation of MCs when compared to supplementation with 10% FBS. In co-cultures, osteoclastic differentiation and resorption in the 10% FBS group was almost completely inhibited by MSCs, while the supplementation with hPL still allowed for resorption, mostly at low concentrations. The addition of hPL to osteogenically stimulated MSC mono- and MC-MSC co-cultures resulted in osteogenic differentiation and bone-like matrix formation, mostly at high concentrations.ConclusionWe conclude that hPL could support both osteoclastic differentiation of human MCs and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in mono- and in co-culture, and that this can be balanced by the hPL concentration. Thus, the use of hPL could limit the need for FBS, which is currently commonly accepted for in vitro bone remodeling models.

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“…The differential metabolites niacin and niacinamide in plasma-enriched lipid metabolic pathways affect skeletal homeostasis [49]. Studies have found that platelets also play a key role in bone homeostasis by regulating bone formation and bone resorption [50]. Calcium de ciency can cause a variety of diseases through complex mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate alleviates calcium deficiency through changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The use of non-drug intervention for calcium deficiency has attracted attention in recent years. Although calcium carbonate is the preferred raw material for calcium supplements, the mechanism of its anti-calcium deficiency effect from the perspective of intestinal flora and metabolomics is rarely reported. In this study, we compare the abundance of intestinal flora and the expression levels of fecal and plasma metabolites in control rats fed with basic diet, low calcium fed rats, and calcium carbonate treated rats. The results revealed that compared with low-calcium rat, calcium content and bone mineral density of the midpoint and distal femur of rats in the oral calcium carbonate group were significantly improved. 16S rRNA sequencing and metabonomics analysis showed that calcium carbonate intervention altered the composition of intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles in feces and plasma of low-calcium fed rats. Further, correlation analysis showed that selected intestinal flora were significantly correlated with metabolites enriched in feces and plasma. In conclusion, calcium carbonate intervention has the potential to reduce calcium deficiency and related symptoms, while affecting intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics in low-calcium rats. This study highlights scientific evidence for the potential effect of calcium carbonate as a calcium supplement on calcium deficiency.

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“…]. Additionally, a recent systematic review further underlined the strong correlation between PLT-related parameters and bone mineralization, finding a positive link between PLT size, distribution width, volume changes, and low BMD due to OP [ 30 ]. The option to use PLTs and PLT-related parameters, simply obtained from routine hematological investigation, to diagnose and correlate a specific pathological condition is unquestionably attractive.…”

Section: Plt-related Factors As Op Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood factors as biomarkers in osteoporosis: points from the COVID-19 era

Salamanna¹,

Maglio²,

Borsari³

et al. 2021

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The restrictions adopted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic limiting direct medical consultations and access to healthcare centers reduced the participation of patients with chronic diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP), in screening and monitoring programs. This highlighted the need for new screening diagnostic tools that are clinically effective, but require minimal technical and time commitments, to stratify populations and identify who is more at risk for OP and related complications. This paper provides an overview of the potential use of blood-related factors, such as platelet (PLT)- and monocyte-related factors, as biomarkers able to quickly screen, detect, and monitor OP in both sexes. Such biomarkers might be of key importance not only during the COVID-19 pandemic but also, even more importantly, during periods of better global health stability.

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“…Thus, vitamin D and PLTs seem to share numerous roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Another 'fil rouge' linking vitamin D and PLTs is represented by their role in mineral metabolism and skeletal diseases, where vitamin D deficiency, low PLT count, and altered PLT-related parameters are linked to altered bone remodeling due to osteoporosis (OP) [21,27,28,32,33]. In this context, it is interesting to point out that severe COVID-19 patients are also characterized by the presence of several predisposing factors to bone fragility [34][35][36][37], which are the high expression of proinflammatory cytokines, high hypocalcemia rate, several comorbidities such as diabetes, treatments with high doses of glucocorticoid, vitamin D deficiency, thrombocytopenia, and PTL activation [1,2,[38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Platelets: A Menacing Duo in COVID-19 and Potential Relation to Bone Remodeling

Salamanna

Maglio

Sartori

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Global data correlate severe vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, further suggesting the presence of a hypercoagulable state in severe COVID-19 patients, which could promote thrombosis in the lungs and in other organs. The feedback loop between COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and vitamin D also involves platelets (PLTs), since vitamin D deficiency stimulates PLT activation and aggregation and increases fibrinolysis and thrombosis. Vitamin D and PLTs share and play specific roles not only in coagulation and thrombosis but also during inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune response. Additionally, another ‘fil rouge’ between vitamin D and PLTs is represented by their role in mineral metabolism and bone health, since vitamin D deficiency, low PLT count, and altered PLT-related parameters are linked to abnormal bone remodeling in certain pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis (OP). Hence, it is possible to speculate that severe COVID-19 patients are characterized by the presence of several predisposing factors to bone fragility and OP that may be monitored to avoid potential complications. Here, we hypothesize different pervasive actions of vitamin D and PLT association in COVID-19, also allowing for potential preliminary information on bone health status during COVID-19 infection.

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“…Clinical application in musculoskeletal medicine, as well as efficacy and main reported controversies, are illustrated here [10]. The fundamental role of platelets and their derivatives in pathophysiological conditions, not strictly related to hemostasis and thrombosis, is further examined by Salamanna and collaborators: starting from experimental evidence of platelet involvement in bone remodeling, their systematic review highlights the positive correlation between platelet size/volume and bone mineralization, as well as improved bone regeneration by using platelet-derived bioactive growth factors and other derivatives, such as platelet concentrates [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Research on Platelet Activity in Health and Disease

Catani

Savini

Gasperi

2020

IJMS

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This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of eleven articles (five reviews and six original studies) published in the Special Issue “Molecular Research On Platelet Activity in Health and Disease”. They give an international picture of the up-to-date understanding of (i) platelet signalling under physiological and pathological conditions, (ii) novel technologies for monitoring platelet functions and (iii) clinical applications of platelet-based-therapy for management of pathological conditions, not directly related to haemostasis and thrombosis.

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Platelet Features and Derivatives in Osteoporosis: A Rational and Systematic Review on the Best Evidence

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Human Platelet Lysate as Alternative of Fetal Bovine Serum for Enhanced Human In Vitro Bone Resorption and Remodeling

Calcium carbonate alleviates calcium deficiency through changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites

Blood factors as biomarkers in osteoporosis: points from the COVID-19 era

Vitamin D and Platelets: A Menacing Duo in COVID-19 and Potential Relation to Bone Remodeling

Molecular Research on Platelet Activity in Health and Disease

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