Plasmon excitations on a single-wall carbon nanotube by external charges: Two-dimensional two-fluid hydrodynamic model

Abstract

We present a quantization of the hydrodynamic model to describe the excitation of plasmons in a singlewalled carbon nanotube by a fast point charge moving near its surface at an arbitrary angle of incidence.Using a two-dimensional electron gas represented by two interacting fluids, which takes into account the different nature of the σ and π electrons, we obtain plasmon energies in near-quantitative agreement with experiment. Further, the implemented quantization procedure allows us to study the probability of exciting various plasmon modes, as well as the stopping force and energy loss spectra of the incident particle.

Even Hard-Sphere Colloidal Suspensions Display Fickian Yet Non-Gaussian Diffusion

“…Therefore, a quantum treatment of the plasmons becomes necessary. We follow a similar approach as in previous studies of multiple plasmon losses, 18,32,33 here adapted to deal with a single plasmon mode. Describing the electron as a classical external charge density ρ ext (r, t) and the plasmon as a bosonic mode, we consider the Hamiltonian…”

“…18,32,33 Previous studies have concentrated on plasmon bands, where the electrons simultaneously interact with a large number of plasmon modes. We are instead interested in the interaction with a spectrally isolated single mode.…”

Interband plasmons in supported graphene on metal substrates: Theory and experiments

“…Rather than limiting our focus on the dispersion of this mode, we attempt to model the entire spectra in a broad range of energies around the p plasmon peak. We choose a two-dimensional (2D), two-fluid hydrodynamic model of valence electrons in graphene [30,46], which has been recently found to exhibit a great deal of robustness and versatility in reproducing the EELS experimental results for N < 10 free-standing graphene layers obtained by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) [47]. Even though the s þ p plasmon peak (see Fig.…”

“…Even though the s þ p plasmon peak (see Fig. 1), whose energy strongly depends on the number of graphene layers [48], is energetically well separated from the p plasmon, we note that it is important to keep contributions of both the s and p electrons in the hydrodynamic model [30,46,49,50]. Herein, we combine this hydrodynamic model [30,46] of free graphene with the DrudeeLorentz models of metallic substrates that are available in literature [51,52] to evaluate the loss function for a structure consisting of a single graphene layer on a metal surface with a finite gap between them.…”

Simple model of bulk and surface excitation effects to inelastic scattering in low-energy electron beam irradiation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…First-principles calculations of the inelastic interaction of charged particles with CNTs have been undertaken [37][38][39][40][41][42] that highlight finite-size and collective-excitation effects arising from the reduced dimensionality of the system. On the other hand, more simple models for the inelastic interaction of low-energy electrons (<30 keV) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been employed for understanding the cutting mechanism of MWCNTs in a SEM [13][14][15][16] and also to carry out Monte Carlo electron trajectory simulations in MWCNT systems.…”