Simple model of bulk and surface excitation effects to inelastic scattering in low-energy electron beam irradiation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Kyriakou, Ioanna; Emfietzoglou, Dimitris; García-Molina, Rafael; Abril, Isabel; Kostarelos, Kostas

doi:10.1063/1.3626460

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…We describe the material response in terms of a plasmon‐pole approximation to the dielectric function earlier considered, for example, by Ritchie and Howie . As usual, we start from the optical case (zero momentum transfer

\overset{q}{true}

) and we extend it to the general case,

\overset{true\to}{italicq} \neq 0

, assuming a

\overset{q}{true}

dependence able to provide the energy‐momentum dispersion characteristic of collective excitations at low momentum transfer and of single particle excitations at high momentum transfer . The position‐dependent IIMFP is calculated without any simplifying assumption on the momentum transfer dependence of the dielectric function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum transfer dependence of reflection electron energy loss spectra: theory and experiment

Calliari

Dapor

Garberoglio

et al. 2014

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Measured reflection electron energy loss spectra excited by 2 keV electrons in Si are simulated by a Monte Carlo approach using the Chen-Kwei theory to calculate the position-dependent inverse inelastic mean free path. By comparing measured and calculated spectra, several prescriptions concerning the momentum transfer dependence of the material dielectric function are discussed. Our results lend support to the approximation (often taken with the only justification of making relations simpler) of neglecting the momentum transfer component normal to the surface in the surface region.

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\overset{q}{true}

) and we extend it to the general case,

\overset{true\to}{italicq} \neq 0

, assuming a

\overset{q}{true}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Momentum transfer dependence of reflection electron energy loss spectra: theory and experiment

Calliari

Dapor

Garberoglio

et al. 2014

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…29 Therefore, we here employ a many-pole plasmon model of electronic excitations in MWCNTs that permits, within the plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA), the calculation of differential and total inelastic electron-electron scattering cross sections from first-principles. 29,30 Model parameters associated with the energy, damping rate, and strength of the various excitation modes of the target are determined from spectroscopy data (see Ref. 30 and references therein) under the perfectscreening and Thomas-Reich-Kuhn sum-rule constraints, thus ensuring a realistic and self-consistent description of the electronic excitation properties of MWCNTs over the whole x-k plane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29,30 Model parameters associated with the energy, damping rate, and strength of the various excitation modes of the target are determined from spectroscopy data (see Ref. 30 and references therein) under the perfectscreening and Thomas-Reich-Kuhn sum-rule constraints, thus ensuring a realistic and self-consistent description of the electronic excitation properties of MWCNTs over the whole x-k plane. To go beyond the standard bulk models of particle-solid interaction or the local dielectric models often used for nanostructures, 31 explicitly considered in the model via the analytic extension of eðx; kÞ at k 6 ¼ 0.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasi first-principles Monte Carlo modeling of energy dissipation by low-energy electron beams in multi-walled carbon nanotube materials

Emfietzoglou

Kyriakou

García-Molina

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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The energy dissipation pattern of low-energy electron beams (0.3-30 keV) in multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) materials is studied by Monte Carlo simulation taking into account secondary-electron cascade generation. A quasi first-principles discrete-energy-loss model deduced from a dielectric response function description of electronic excitations in MWCNTs is employed whereby both single-particle and plasmon excitations are included in a unified and self-consistent manner. Our simulations provide practical analytical functions for computing depth-dose curves and charged-carrier generation volumes in MWCNT materials under low-energy electron beam irradiation. Recent work on the irradiation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by energetic charged particles has unambiguously revealed various beneficial effects towards beam-assisted engineering of CNT-based nanodevices with the desired properties. 1,2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron-beam lithography (EBL) are increasingly being used for the characterization and fabrication of CNT-based field-effect-transistors 3-5 and stimulated field-emitters. [6][7][8][9] Since electron transport plays a fundamental role in the ultimate performance of these techniques, knowledge of the energy dissipation pattern of low-energy electron beams (0.3-30 keV) in CNT materials becomes of prime importance. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations offer a valuable tool for investigating energy-transfer phenomena in irradiated solids. 10,11 In the present energy range, energy dissipation in matter by electron beams is almost exclusively due to inelastic electron-electron scattering. Elastic electron scattering by target nuclei, well-known to be responsible for irradiation damage via knock-on atomic displacement at high beam energies (above about 80 keV for CNTs), 12,13 results in significant momentum transfer (or equivalent, angular deflection) but practically zero energy loss. 14 Contrary to the continuous energy-loss models (e.g., from stopping power theory) widely used for studying irradiation effects in bulk solids, MC models of materials with restricted dimensions (e.g., CNTs and nanodevices in general) must account for secondary-electron cascade generation through the use of discrete (or single-scattering) energy-loss models. [15][16][17] Such models will also complement current computational studies of high-energy electron-beam (e.g., from a transmission electron microscope, TEM) irradiation effects in CNTs lying on substrates from backscattered electrons. 18,19 Binary collision theory has been widely used in this context due to its computational convenience, despite its wellknown simplistic description of the materials excitation properties. 20 In the present work, we advance a MC model of electron-beam energy dissipation in multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) materials based on a quasi firstprinciples discrete-energy-loss model deduced from a realistic description of the target electronic excitations. This approach has the advantage that secondary-electron cascade generation can be...

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“…The interaction of primary electron beams with carbon nanotubes has also been studied extensively using the dielectric response function, with focus on inelastic scattering of electrons with primary energies of less than 30 keV, which are those typically relevant to SEM [134,135]. The findings have been used in a Monte Carlo framework to simulate electron transport and energy dissipation in collections of multiwalled carbon nanotubes [136].…”

Section: Secondary Emission From Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources: From Electron Beams to Energy Conversion and Optophononics

Nojeh

2014

ISRN Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanotubes have a host of properties that make them excellent candidates for electron emitters. A significant amount of research has been conducted on nanotube-based field-emitters over the past two decades, and they have been investigated for devices ranging from flat-panel displays to vacuum tubes and electron microscopes. Other electron emission mechanisms from carbon nanotubes, such as photoemission, secondary emission, and thermionic emission, have also been studied, although to a lesser degree than field-emission. This paper presents an overview of the topic, with emphasis on these less-explored mechanisms, although field-emission is also discussed. We will see that not only is electron emission from nanotubes promising for electronsource applications, but also its study could reveal unusual phenomena and open the door to new devices that are not directly related to electron beams.

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Simple model of bulk and surface excitation effects to inelastic scattering in low-energy electron beam irradiation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Cited by 25 publications

References 98 publications

Momentum transfer dependence of reflection electron energy loss spectra: theory and experiment

Momentum transfer dependence of reflection electron energy loss spectra: theory and experiment

Quasi first-principles Monte Carlo modeling of energy dissipation by low-energy electron beams in multi-walled carbon nanotube materials

Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources: From Electron Beams to Energy Conversion and Optophononics

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