Plasma Treatment of Polymers

Grace, J. M.; Gerenser, L. J.

doi:10.1081/dis-120021793

Cited by 316 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, with plasma treatment, the surfaces of some polymers can be improved in terms of hydrophilicity by forming oxygen-containing functional groups, such as C=O and -OH [18]. Thereby, the composition of the plasma gas should preferably match the chemical structure of the polymer in order to improve the latter's adhesive properties [19]. As for plasma treatment on PEEK in the field of prosthetic dentistry again, data is scarce and recommendations regarding the accurate selection of plasma devices are missing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion between PEEK and two selfadhesive resin cements after plasma treatment. METHODS: Eight hundred sixty-four polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens were randomly selected and pretreated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed), and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3 M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray). All specimens were stored in water for 24 h (37°C ). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n = 18) for different aging levels: (1) no aging (baseline measurement), (2) thermal aging for 5,000 cycles (5/55°C), and (3) thermal aging for 10,000 cycles (5/55°C). Thereafter, shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured, and failure types (adhesive, mixed, and cohesive) were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, four-and one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Scheffé test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No adhesion could be established without adhesive pretreatment, irrespectively, whether plasma was applied or not. Also, no bond strength was measured when Ambarino P60 was applied. In contrast, adhesive pretreatment resulted in SBS ranging between 8 and 15 MPa. No significant differences were found between the resin cements used. In general, no cohesive failures were observed. Groups without plasma treatment combined with Visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond showed predominantly mixed failure types. Control groups, plasma treated, or treated using Ambarino P60 groups fractured predominantly adhesively. CONCLUSION: The use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based adhesives allows bonding between PEEK and self-adhesive resin cements. Plasma treatment has no impact on bond to resin cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: PEEK reconstructions can be cemented using self-adhesive resin cements combined with pretreatment with MMA-based adhesives. Methods: Eight-hundred-and-sixty-four PEEK disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens was randomly selected and pre-treated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n=108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed) and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n=54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray).All specimens were storage in water for 24 h (37°C). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n=18) for different aging levels: i. no aging (baseline measurement), ii.thermal aging for 5000 cycles (5/55°C) and iii. thermal aging for 10000 cycles (5/55°C).Thereafte...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

et al. 2013

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“…They have excellent bulk physical and chemical properties, and are inexpensive and easy to process. For these reasons, surface modification techniques which can transform these advantageous materials into highly valuable finished products have become an important part of the plastics industry [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ablation and water etching of poly(ethylene) modified by argon plasma

Švorčı́k

Kotál

Siegel

et al. 2007

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The idea to conduct this study was based on our previous findings that in-vitro study showed that helium plasma treatment had no impact on bond to resin composite cements [7], which was explained -in part -by a lack of sufficient functional groups being able to react with methacrylate. Nitrogen plasma treatment has already been shown to induce amine and imine carbon species as functional groups on polystyrene surfaces [3] displaying terminal nitrogen. Another study hypothesized that thereby induced functional groups on the surfaces of fibre-reinforced composite posts might also contain terminal nitrogen, which then reacts with the functional groups in the composite core build-up materials itself [4] and moreover, that these amine and imine functional groups might remain stable over time as compared to functional oxygen groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grace and Gerenser were able to demonstrate the induction of amine and imine carbon species as functional groups on the surface of nitrogen plasma-treated polystyrene [3]. The majority of these functional groups usually contained a terminal nitrogen (primary amine or imine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is biocompatible and exhibits good mechanical properties [2]. It displays a rather low surface energy and high resistance to surface modification by different chemical treatments [3,4] and is therefore stable to nearly all organic and inorganic chemicals. However, it still remains a problem to achieve adequate bond strengths to composite resin materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycine: A potential coupling agent to bond to helium plasma treated PEEK?

2016

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OBJECTIVES To test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between two self-adhesive resin composite cements and PEEK after helium plasma treatment and used glycine as a potential coupling agent incorporated in different adhesives. METHODS In summary, 896 air-abraded PEEK specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were treated with cold active inert helium plasma and the other half were left non-treated. Both groups were then split in two groups: In group 1 (n=256), 64 specimens were pre-treated with: (a) soft-liner liquid, (b) visio.link, (c) Ambarino P60 and (d) no pre-treatment (control), respectively. In group 2 (n=192), specimens were conditioned accordingly, but the adhesive materials were modified by including a commercially available glycine (Air-Flow PERIO). PEEK specimens were then luted using either RelyX Unicem or Clearfil SA Cement and TBS was measured initially and after 14 days water storage combined with 10'000 thermal cycles (16 specimens/subgroup). Fracture type analysis was performed. For statistical analyses Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, 1-, 4-way ANOVA (post hoc: Scheffé), and t-test were used (p<0.001). RESULTS Helium plasma pre-treatment without glycine showed no impact on initial TBS (p>0.348). In contrast, a combination between glycine application and Softline/Ambarino P60 allowed for significantly higher initial TBS was measured after helium plasma treatment (p=0.001). However, this effect was no evident after thermo-cycling. All groups conditioned with visio.link showed the highest TBS values. SIGNIFICANCE The introduction of amine groups by simple provision of amino acids in the form of glycine can improve the bond strength after helium plasma treatment using different adhesive materials. However, using this simple approach, the method cannot withstand thermal challenge yet. AbstractObjectives: To test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between two self-adhesive resin composite cements and PEEK after helium plasma treatment and used glycine as a potential coupling agent incorporated in different adhesives.Methods: In summary, 896 air-abraded PEEK specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were treated with cold active inert helium plasma and the other half were left non-treated. Both groups were then split in two groups: In group 1 (n=256), 64 specimens were pre-treated with: a. Soft-Liner Liquid, b. visio.link, c. Ambarino P60 and d. no pretreatment (control), respectively. In group 2 (n=192), specimens were conditioned accordingly, but the adhesive materials were modified by including a commercially available glycine (Air-Flow PERIO). PEEK specimens were then luted using either RelyX Unicem or Clearfil SA Cement and TBS was measured initially and after 14 days water storage combined with 10'000 thermal cycles (16 specimens/subgroup). Fracture type analysis was performed. For statistical analyses Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, 1-, 4-way ANOVA (post-hoc: Scheffé), and t-test were used (p<0.001).Results: Helium plasma pre-treatment without glycine showed ...

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Plasma Treatment of Polymers

Cited by 316 publications

References 96 publications

Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

Ablation and water etching of poly(ethylene) modified by argon plasma

Glycine: A potential coupling agent to bond to helium plasma treated PEEK?

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